2.3. Amino Acid, Translation & Processing Of Protein

Question 1

eRFs

Answer 1

Releasing factors

Question 2

Secretory GA

Answer 2

Fuses with membrane & contents secreted by exocytosis

Question 3

Lysosomal GA

Answer 3

Fuses with lysosome & contents added to lysosome

Question 4

Membrane GA

Answer 4

Fuses with membrane & transmembrane proteins become part of membrane
E.g. receptors

Question 5

Tetracyclins

Answer 5

E.g. doxycycline

1. Block A site of 30s ribosome
   - preferentially bind to bacteria

Question 6

Aminoglycoside antibiotics

Answer 6

1. Interact with proteins of prokaryotic ribosome preventing its formation
   E.g. streptomycin

Question 7

Macrolide

Answer 7

E.g. erythromycin

1. Binds to rRNA of bacterial 50s ribosome subunit and prevents elongation

Question 8

Peptidyl transferase inhibitors

Answer 8

E.g. linomycin (bacterial)

1. Prevent elongation step

Question 9

Analogues of aminacyl tRNA

Answer 9

E.g. puromycin

1. Disrupts elongation in all cells

Question 10

Diphtheria toxin

Answer 10

Catalyses ribosylation of eEF-2 in mammalian cells

Question 11

Genetic code

Answer 11

1. The specific sequence of nucleotides in mRNA that determines what amino acid is required through complementary base pairing with anticodon on tRNA
   Therefore, determines polypeptide sequence

Question 12

Met

Answer 12

tRNA anticodon CAU base pairs with initiation codon AUG in P site of ribosome

Question 13

eIFs

Answer 13

1. Eukaryotic initiation factors

2. Regulate binding binding of large ribosomal subunit

Question 14

eEFs

Elongation step 3

Answer 14

1. Eukaryotic elongation factors regulate process of release of uncharged tRNA from E site

Question 15

eRFs

Answer 15

1. Releasing factors

2. Regulate termination process