1.4. TRANSCRIPTION & RNA CLASSES

Question 1

Sugar moeity

Answer 1

Sugar molecule in a compound

Question 2

Polyadenylation

Answer 2

Adding multiple adenosine (A) molecules to nucleotide

Question 3

The DNA-RNA hybrid

Answer 3

16-18 base pairs of DNA unwound & most recently made RNA is still bound to DNA
-> small region

Question 4

Quinolones

Answer 4

Inhibit topoisomerase
E.g. norfloxacin (bacteria specific)
Eptoposide (bacterial and mammalian)

Question 5

Rifampicin

Answer 5

Reacts with bacterial RNA polymerase subunit to block formation of the first phosphodiester bond between nucleotides

Question 6

Actinomycin D

Answer 6

Intercalates between two GC pairs in double helix DNA

- acts in bacterial & mammalian cells

Question 7

Chromatin structure

Answer 7

1. Acetylation of histones

2. Methylation of histones

Question 8

Signal transduction

Answer 8

Result in activation of transcription factors

Question 9

Charging

Answer 9

Addition of CCA to 3’ OH group, amino acids added to this (=charging)

Question 10

snRNA

Answer 10

Small, nuclear RNA

Question 11

snRNPs

Answer 11

Associated proteins to snRNA

Question 12

Ribonucleoprotein

Answer 12

Made from complexes of RNA & proteins (e.g. ribosomes)