2.2 - The Covalent Model Flashcards
State the octet rule.
The Octet rule states that atoms bond together in order to achieve a full valence shell containing 8 electrons.
How does covalent bonding work?
Atoms share electrons to achieve a full outer shell.
List the 5 exceptions to the octet rule.
What type of elements does covalent bonding occur between?
Non-metals.
State the rough conditions of electronegativity difference for non-polar covalent, polar covalent, and ionic bonds.
Describe a covalent bond.
The electrostatic attraction between positive nuclei and shared pair of electrons.
Describe the difference between single covalent to multiple covalent.
Single bonds are weaker and longer than double or triple bonds.
What is a coordinate covalent bond?
A bond where one atom contributes both the bonding electrons.
Name an example of a coordinate covalent bond.
Carbon Monoxide.
What is the difference between regular covalent bonds and coordinate covalent bonds?
Once a coordinate covalent bond is formed, it is identical to a regular covalent bond.
Complete the table: |Electron domain|Bonding domain|Lone pair|Electron domain geometry|Molecular geometry|Bond angle|Example|
There should be 6 columns
State the rough conditions of electronegativity difference for non-polar (pure) covalent, polar covalent (weak polar), and polar covalent.
Which atom is the partial negative charge assigned to in a polar molecule?
The more electronegative atom
What is the sharing of electrons in non-polar covalent bonds?
Equal sharing of electrons
What is the sharing of electrons in polar covalent bonds?
Unequal sharing of electrons
What is the sharing of electrons in ionic bonds?
No sharing of electrons.
What two conditions does the polarity of a molecule depend on?
- The presence of polar bonds in the molecule
- The geometry of the molecule
