2.1 - The Ionic Model Flashcards
What type of ions do metals form?
They become cations by losing electrons.
What type of ions do non-metals form?
They become anions by gaining electrons.
What type of structure do ionic compounds have?
Lattice structure
What state is an ionic compound under standard conditions; explain why.
They are solids as they have high melting and boiling points.
What are polyatomic ions?
Ions that consist of two or more atoms bonded together with covalent bonds.
What are resonance structures?
Polyatomic ions with more than one position for a multiple bond.
What are the electron domains in a tetrahedal molecular geometry?
All 4 electron domains are bonding domains.
What are the electron domains in a trigonal planar molecular geometry?
All 3 electron domains are bonding domains.
What are the electron domains in a trigonal pyramidal molecular geometry?
3 bonding domains and 1 non-bonding domain.
What are the electron domains in a bent molecular geometry?
2 bonding and 1 non-bonding
State the formula for the carbonate ion.
State the formula for the sulfate (VI) ion.
State the formula for the sulfate (IV) ion.
State the formula for the nitrate ion.
State the formula for the nitrite ion.
State the formula for the hydrogen carbonate ion.
State the formula for the phosphate ion.
State the formula for the hydroxide ion.
State the formula for the ammonium ion.
What are ionic compounds held together by?
Strong, electrostatic attraction.
Comment on the conductivity on ionic compounds.
Ionic compounds are not conductive when solid but are conductive when molten or dissolved in water as the ions are free to move and conduct electricity.
What are ionic compounds soluble in?
Polar solvents such as water.
State the relationship between the charge of the ions and the melting point.
The higher the charge of the ions, the higher the melting point.
State the relationship between the ionic radius and the melting point.
The lower the ionic radius, the higher the melting point.
Define lattice enthalpy.
The enthalpy change when one mole of a solid ionic compound is broken down into gaseous ions.
