Reactivity 3.1 - Proton Transfer Reactions

Question 1

State the Arrhenius theory of acids and bases

Answer 1

acids have H+ in their chemical formula;
bases have OH- in their chemical formula

Question 2

What is a Bronsted-Lowry acid

Answer 2

A proton (H+) donor

Question 3

What is a Bronsted-Lowry base

Answer 3

A proton (H+) acceptor

Question 4

State what conjugate bases and acids differ by

Answer 4

A proton

Question 5

What are Amphiprotic substances

Answer 5

A species that can act as both a Bronsted-Lowry bas and acid such as water.

Question 6

What are acid-base indicators

Answer 6

Acid-base indicators change color reversibly according to the concentration of H+ ions in the solution.

Question 7

Describe the indication of litmus

Answer 7

Can distinguish between acids and alkalis but cannot indicate a particular pH.

Question 8

How is the universal indicator made.

Answer 8

By mixing together several indicators .

Question 9

State the colors in acids and bases of: Litmus, Methyl Orange, Phenolphthalein

Answer 9

Question 10

What does the reaction between an acid and a base result in?

Answer 10

Salt and Water

Question 11

What does the reaction between an acid and a metal result in?

Answer 11

Salt and Hydrogen

Question 12

What does the reaction between an acid and a carbonate result in?

Answer 12

Salt and Water and Carbon Dioxide

Question 13

Where does the equilibrium lie in this reaction with a strong acid?

Answer 13

Equilibrium lies to the right (towards the ions)

Question 14

Where does the equilibrium lie in this reaction with a weak acid?

Answer 14

Equilibrium lies to the left (towards the undissociated form)

Question 15

List three strong acids

Answer 15

Question 16

List three strong bases

Answer 16

Question 17

List two weak acids

Answer 17

Question 18

List a weak base

Answer 18

Question 19

List three experimental methods of distinguishing between strong and weak acids and bases.

Answer 19

• Electrical conductivity - Strong acids and bases will have a higher conductivity (higher concentration of mobile ions)
• Rate of reaction - Faster rate of reaction with strong acids (higher concentration of ions)
• pH - gives a number 0-14 for the acidity or alkalinity

Question 20

what is H+ here

Answer 20

Number of moles of H+

Question 21

State the ion product constant of water

Answer 21

Question 22

State the relationship between pH and pOH scales

Answer 22

Question 23

State the concept of strong acids and bases

Answer 23

Strong acids and bases completely dissociate in water.

Question 24

State the concept of weak acids and bases

Answer 24

Weak acids and bases partially dissociate in water.