2.1 - The ionic model Flashcards
State the 3 general rules for chemical bonds
- Ionic (metal - non-metal)
- Covalent (non-metal - non-metal)
- Metallic (metal - metal)
Define electronegativity
The power of an atom in a molecule to attract electrons to itself
What kind of reaction occurs when the electronegativity is similar?
Similar electronegativity - equal sharing - covalent bond
What kind of reaction occurs when the non-metal is pulling harder?
Non-metal is pulling harder - unequal sharing - polar covalent bond
What kind of reaction occurs when the non-metal is significantly stronger?
Non-metal is significantly stronger - transfer of electrons - ionic bond
State the octet rule
Atoms tend to gain, lose or share electrons until they are surrounded by eight valence electrons
What is the cutoff value for ionic bonds?
If the electronegativity difference is greater than 1.8, the bond is ionic.
Define ionic bond
Electrostatic attraction between oppositely charged ions
List the two different types of ions
Cations - Positive
Anions - Negative
Define polyatomic ions
Ions formed from more than one element. The charge is often spread (delocalized) over the whole ions.
Polyatomic anions are formed when an acid loses one or more H+ ions.
List the 7 polyatomic anions
List the properties of ionic compounds
- High melting point
- Soluble in water
- Electrical conductivity (when not solid)
- Solid but brittle
Name this ion
Nitrate
Name this ion
Hydroxide
Name this ion
Hydrogen carbonate
Name this ion
Carbonate
Name this ion
Sulfate
Name this ion
Phosphate
Name this ion
Ammonium
State the formula for nitrate
State the formula for hydroxide
State the formula for hydrogen carbonate
State the formula for carbonate
State the formula for sulfate
State the formula for phosphate
State the formula for ammonium
