2.2 Cellular Respiration Flashcards
cellular respiration
a series of metabolic pathways which releases energy from food in the form of ATP
phosphorylation
an enzyme controlled process where a phosphate is added to a molecule
where does the phosphate needed for phosphorylation come from?
the breakdown of ATP into ADP + Pi
the breakdown of ATP produces
energy
does phosphorylation require ATP?
yes
glycolysis
the breakdown of glucose to pyruvate through a series of enzyme controlled reactions
where does glycolysis occur?
cytoplasm
2 stages of glycolysis
- energy investment
- energy pay off
glycolysis results in a … of ATP
net gain
(glycolysis)
dehydrogenase enzymes remove…
hydrogen ions and electrons and pass them onto coenzyme NAD
how is NADH formed?
by the addition of hydrogen ions and electrons to coenzyme NAD
(glycolysis)
… is converted to … and then …
glucose is converted to intermediate products and then pyruvate
where does the citric acid cycle occur?
matrix of the mitochondria
the citric acid cycle only occurs in…
aerobic conditions
full citric acid cycle (5)
- pyruvate broken down into an acetyl group
- acetyl group combines with coenzyme A, forming acetyl coenzyme A
- Acetyl coenzyme A combines with oaxloacetate to form citrate
- citrate is converted back to oacloacetate
- this releases CO2 and generates ATP
