1.7 Genomic sequencing Flashcards
genomic sequencing
the process by which the sequence of nucleotide bases is determined for individual genes or even entire genomes.
computer programs can be used to
identify base sequences by looking for sequences similar to known genes.
Bioinformatics
the statistical analysis of sequence data
many genes are … across different organisms
highly conserved
most sequenced genomes
- disease causing organisms
- pest species
- model organism species used in research
Phylogenetics
the study of evolutionary history and relationships
Phylogenetics can be used to work out…
- Lineage
- Sequence divergence
Lineage
the exact sequence in which species can be traced back through ancestor populations
Sequence divergence
how and when lineages diverged from common ancestry
species with more similarity in their genomes are
more closely related
sequence data is used to…
study the evolutionary relatedness among groups of organisms
molecular clocks
- used to show when species diverged during evolution
- assume a constant mutation rate to show differences in DNA and amino acid sequences
what differences between species indicate the time of divergence from a common ancestor
differences in sequence data
what can an individual’s genome be analysed in order to do?
to predict the likelihood of developing certain diseases
pharmacogenetics
- the use of genome information in the choice of drugs
- an individual’s personal genome sequence can be used to select the most effective drugs
