1.2 Replication of DNA

Question 1

DNA replication

Answer 1

the process by which a cell makes an identical copy of its DNA

Question 2

Requirements of DNA replication

Answer 2

• DNA template
• Enzymes (DNA polymerase, ligase)
• ATP
• DNA nucleotides
• Primers
  (DEADP)

Question 3

DNA Template

Answer 3

The original strands of DNA form a template for the new complementary strands

Question 4

Free Nucleotides

Answer 4

to make up the new complementary strands

Question 5

Primers

Answer 5

Short strands/fragments of DNA

Question 6

DNA Polymerase

Answer 6

Enzyme that adds new nucleotides to the growing strand

Question 7

Ligase

Answer 7

An enzyme that joins together the fragments of DNA

Question 8

ATP

Answer 8

energy is needed for DNA replication

Question 9

Prior to cell division, what is DNA replicated by?

Answer 9

DNA polymerase

Question 10

Semi conservative

Answer 10

Half of the original strand is kept in each new strand

Question 11

What is PCR a technique for?

Answer 11

the amplification of DNA in vitro

Question 12

How does PCR amplify DNA?

Answer 12

using complementary primers for specific target DNA sequences.

Question 13

What does PCR stand for?

Answer 13

Polymerase Chain Reaction

Question 14

Requirements of PCR

Answer 14

• DNA template
• Primers
• Nucleotides
• pH buffer (maintains optimum)
• Heat tolerant DNA Polymerase
• Thermal cycler machine (to carry out PCR)

Question 15

Uses of PCR

Answer 15

• Forensics: DNA from crime scene can be amplified to determine who was there
• Paternity: DNA can be amplified to prove who is a parent or related
• Diagnosis: Embryonic DNA samples can be amplified to check for genetic disorders

Question 16

PCR step 1

Answer 16

DNA heated to between 92 and 98 degrees in order to denature DNA and break the bonds between strands

Question 17

PCR step 2

Answer 17

DNA cooled to between 50 and 65 degrees in order to allow primers to bind to target sequences

Question 18

PCR step 3

Answer 18

complementary primers added

Question 19

PCR step 4

Answer 19

DNA heated to between 70 and 80 degrees for heat tolerant polymerase to replicate the region of DNA

Question 20

What does the thermal cycler do?

Answer 20

allows PCR to be automated