1.3 Gene Expression Flashcards
1
Q
Processes involved in Gene Expression
A
Transcription & Translation
2
Q
Components of RNA (ribonucleic acid)
A
- a ribose sugar
- a base
- a phosphate
3
Q
What base replaces Thymine in RNA
A
Uracil
4
Q
Types of RNA
A
- Messenger RNA (mRNA)
- Transfer RNA (tRNA)
- Ribosomal RNA (rRNA)
5
Q
mRNA
A
Carries a copy of the required gene from the nucleus to the ribosome
6
Q
tRNA
A
- has a cloverleaf shape
- has an anti codon site and an attachment site for specific amino acids
- each tRNA molecule carriers its specific amino acid to the ribosome
7
Q
rRNA
A
Forms the ribosome with the addition of proteins
8
Q
Protein Synthesis
A
A process in which instructions are carried from DNA sequences to ribosomes where proteins are synthesised.
9
Q
Codon
A
A group of 3 bases that codes for an amino acid
10
Q
Exons
A
coding regions of DNA
11
Q
Introns
A
non-coding regions of DNA
12
Q
Splicing
A
When non-coding introns are edited out so that the coding exons can be turned into protein.
13
Q
Splicing process
A
- The gene is copied in full to produce a primary transcript
- introns are removed and exons are joined together to produce a mature transcript
14
Q
Alternative RNA splicing
A
- allows one gene to code for a variety of proteins
- different mature mRNA
transcripts are produced from the same
primary transcript depending on which
exons are retained
15
Q
Transcription
A
- synthesis of mRNA from a section of DNA
- occurs in the nucleus
