1.1 DNA and the genome

Question 1

Basic unit of DNA

Answer 1

Nucleotides

Question 2

Components of a nucleotide

Answer 2

base, deoxyribose sugar, phosphate

Question 3

phosphate is which end of the strand?

Answer 3

5’

Question 4

sugar is which end of the strand?

Answer 4

3’

Question 5

antiparallel strands

Answer 5

the strands run in opposite directions, one 3’ to 5’ and one 5’ to 3’

Question 6

base pairs are held together by

Answer 6

weak hydrogen bonds

Question 7

sugar-phosphate backbone

Answer 7

the chain of sugar and phosphates that make up the backbone of DNA

Question 8

shape of DNA

Answer 8

double stranded antiparallel helix

Question 9

Prokaryotes

Answer 9

Have a singular circular chromosome and smaller circular plasmids

Question 10

Eukaryotes

Answer 10

have linear chromosomes in the nucleus, as well as circular chromosomes in the mitochondria and chloroplasts

Question 11

chromosomes are tightly coiled with

Answer 11

associated proteins

Question 12

associated proteins are also called

Answer 12

histones

Question 13

Example of a prokaryote

Answer 13

Bacterial cell

Question 14

Examples of eukaryotes

Answer 14

• Plant, animal and fungi cells
• Yeast cells are also eukaryotes but have plasmids