21.5 Genetic fingerprinting Flashcards

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1
Q

what is genetic fingerprinting?

A

diagnostic tool used to identify family relations or in forensic science to identify people

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2
Q

what are the 5 steps of genetic fingerprinting

A
  • Extraction
  • Digestion
  • Separation
  • Hybridisation
  • Development
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3
Q

what is extraction?

A

extracting DNA from sample

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4
Q

what is digestion?

A

restriction endonuclease cut DNA into fragments

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5
Q

what is separation?

A

separating fragments using gel electrophoresis and transfer from gel to nylon membrane

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6
Q

what is hybridisation?

A

adding DNA probes to label DNA fragments

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7
Q

what is development?

A

Nylon membrane with DNA fragments placed on X ray film or UV
Development of the film reveals dark bands where the probes are attached

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8
Q

what are VNTRs?

A
  • non coding
  • inherited from parents
  • unique in all except twins
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9
Q

main points for gel electrophoresis

A
  • DNA fragments placed on gel with voltage across
  • DNA moves through gel
  • Larger fragment = slower movement
  • separate strands
  • fragments labelled
  • determine final position
  • develop
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10
Q

what is gel electrophoresis used for?

A

separation of fragments of DNA in size order

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11
Q

what way is the DNA placed, what way does it travel?

A
  • placed at the negative end of the gel
  • DNA is negative, so travels to the anode (positive end)
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12
Q

How is the distance produced?

A

distance (depending on size) travelled over a fixed time

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13
Q

how do you separate the strands?

A

use alkali - apply to nylon membrane

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14
Q

how are the fragments labelled?

A

using DNA probes

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15
Q

how are the DNA probes identified?

A
  • using X ray film for radioactive isotopes
  • use UV for fluorescent markers

= exposes the film and maps the fragments

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