11.1 Overview of photosynthesis Flashcards

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1
Q

what is the structure of the leaf

A
  • waxy cuticle
  • upper epidermis
  • palisade mesophyll
  • spongy mesophyll
  • lower epidermis (+guard cells +stomata)
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2
Q

what are the adaptations of the leaf for photosynthesis (8/9)

A
  • large SA
  • arrangement of leaves (less overlapping)
  • thin
  • transparent cuticle
  • long, narrow palisade mesophyll
  • many stomata + open and close
  • many air spaces in spongy mesophyll
  • network of xylem and phloem
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3
Q

how does large SA help

A

absorbs as much sunlight as possible

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4
Q

how does no overlapping help

A

avoids shadowing of leaves

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5
Q

how does thinness help

A
  • most light absorbed in few micrometers
  • short diffusion pathway
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6
Q

how does a transparent cuticle help

A

lets light through into photosynthetic cells

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7
Q

how does long, narrow palisade mesophyll cells help

A
  • more packed
  • have chloroplasts that collect sunlight
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8
Q

how does great no. of stomata and them opening and closing help?

A
  • short diffusion pathway between mesophyll cells
  • response to changes in light intensity
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9
Q

how does air spaces in the spongy mesophyll?

A
  • allow rapid diffusion in the gas phase of CO2 and O2
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10
Q

how does a network of xylem and phloem help

A
  • brings water to the leaf cells
  • carries away the sugars produced during photosynthesis
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11
Q

what are the main three stages to photosynthesis?

A
  • capturing of light energy
  • the light-dependent reaction (LDR)
  • the light-independent reaction (LIR)
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12
Q

what parts of chloroplasts are adapted to carry out the light dependent reaction

A
  • Thylakoid membranes - large surface area for chlorophyll, electron carriers and enzymes to attach
  • Proteins in grana - hold chlorophyll in precise place for max absorption of light
  • ATP synthase in thylakoid membranes - ATP production
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13
Q

how are thylakoid membranes adapted for LDR

A
  • large SA for chlorophyll, e- carriers and enzymes to attach
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14
Q

how are proteins grana adapted for LDR

A
  • hold chlorophyll in precise place for max absorption of light
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15
Q

how are ATP synthase in thylakoid membranes adapted for LDR

A

ATP production

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16
Q

structure and role of chloroplasts in photosynthesis

A
  • grana + thylakoids = contain chlorophyll, have intergranal lamellae that have them adjacent to each other
  • stroma = have starch grains, where LIR takes place