17.1 Inheritance Flashcards

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1
Q

define gene

A

length of a DNA on a chromosome coding for one or more polypeptides

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2
Q

define allele

A

alternative forms of a gene
- there can be many, represented by a letter

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3
Q

define nucleotide

A

complex chemical (basic unit)
made up of:
- phosphate
- nitrogenous base
- pentose sugar

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4
Q

define genotype

A

genetic constitution of an organism
- describes all the alleles of an organism

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5
Q

define phenotype

A

observable or biochemical characteristics of an organism
- expressed genotype and its interaction with the environment

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6
Q

define dominant

A

allele that is always expressed in the phenotype

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7
Q

define recessive

A

allele that is expressed in the phenotype only when there is another identical one present

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8
Q

define codominant

A

when the two alleles contribute/are expressed in the phenotype

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9
Q

define locus (pl. loci)

A

position of a gene on a chromosome

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10
Q

define homozygote

A

organism carries 2 copies of the same gene

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11
Q

define heterozygote

A

organism carries different copies of the same gene

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12
Q

define carrier

A

individual carries an allele not expressed in the phenotype
- could be passed on to the offspring

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13
Q

define multiple alleles

A

gene that has more than two alleles

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