21 - NUCLEIC ACIDS Flashcards
why did nature choose phosphate for its dominant roles in biology?
phosphate esters are very inert
resistant to hydrolysis due to the negative charge
helps them retain phosphate molecules within lipid membranes (phosphorylated molecules cannot cross the membrane)
half life of phosphate esters at 1M NaOH and 25°C
half lives of DNA and RNA at ph7, 25°C
why are phosphate diesters hydrolysed more slowly than carboxylic acid esters?
trigonal bipyramidal geometry
a model system for linkage in RNA (idk what the point of this slide is really)
why is RNA less stable than DNA?
how is the 2’ phosphate made from hydrolysed RNA
how is the 3’ phosphate made from hydrolysed RNA
what is the method for the industrial synthesis of nucleosides
what is the hilbert johnson quaternization method for nucleoside synthesis via N-glycosylation
how are uridine and cytidine made via that method? (N-glycosylation)
what is the mechanism of this step
what is the Vorbruggen Glycosylation method for nucleoside synthesis (uses TMFOTf)
what is the HIV life cycle and stages at which a drug can intervene?
structure of Lamivudine (3TC) and what is it used to treat
3TC also has an L configuration, which is unnatural
(natural nucleosides are D oriented)
how does 3TC terminate reverse transcription
what are nucleoside analogues that are used as drugs
3TC and AZT
used in combination
what stages of the HIV life cycle can drugs intervene in?
structure of acyclovir and what it treats
structure of 6-mercaptopurines and what it treats
what is the mechanism of action of acyclovir
