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IB Business > 2.1 Functions and evolution of HRM > Flashcards

2.1 Functions and evolution of HRM Flashcards

1
Q

What is the definition of Human Resource Planning?

A

“Process of managing an organization and its workforce.”

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2
Q

What are the 4 tasks HRM works on?

A

Job analysis, job design, job specification, job description

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3
Q

What does HR do for “job analysis”?

A

HR analyse the jobs, getting detailed information on the different jobs in an organisation

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4
Q

What does HR do for “job specification”?

A

KSA –> knowledge, skills and ability

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5
Q

What does HR do for “job design”?

A

Manner in which the job needs to be performed

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6
Q

What does HR do for “job description”?

A

Outlines the tasks that need to be done

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7
Q

What is a workforce audit?

A

A check on the skills and the qualifications of all existing employees

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8
Q

What is a workforce plan?

A

Thinking ahead and establishing the number of skills of the workforce required by the business to meet its objectives

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9
Q

What is a replacement chart?

A

A planning tool to replace employees

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10
Q

How can you anticipate demand?

A

Market analysis, analyse competitors, past trends, consumer confidence, seasonality, GDP

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11
Q

What is the difference between hiring internally and externally?

A

Hiring internally is giving someone a promotion already in the company, hiring externally is promoting someone from a different company.

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12
Q

What are the benefits of hiring internally?

A

Saves money (no advertising), Already knows the company’s culture, Already understands the TDR (Task duty responsability), Increases motivation (As other employees see there is a possibility to grow in the company)

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13
Q

What are the benefits of hiring externally?

A

They give a new perspective on the company, they might have higher qualifications, a wide applicant pool, salary

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14
Q

How can you hire externally?

A
  • Direct applicant (effective, high motivation)
  • Referrals (from current employees)
  • Advertising (effective but expensive)
  • Career fairs (effective especially for entry level jobs, often at unis)
  • Employment agencies (most expensive)
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15
Q

What is the definition of HRP “Human Resource Planning”?

A

It is a board term used to describe the overall management of an organization’s workforce. It includes attracting, selecting, training, assessing, rewarding and retaining workers.

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16
Q

What is the definition of “Labour turnover”?

A

This refers to the amount of people who leave an organization, expressed at a percentage of the workforce per time period (usually per year).

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17
Q

How do you calculate labour turnover?

A

(Number of employees who leave/ number of employees in the firm) x 100

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18
Q

Why would an organisation want low labour turnover?

A

Organizations prefer to have a lower labour turnover rate for many reasons, for example replacing and recruiting new staff is very costly.

  • Recruiting new workers
  • Training new staff
  • Management time during recruitment process
  • Getting workers familiarised with the culture and operations of the organization
  • Negative impact on other workforce (demotivates)
  • Negative publicity
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19
Q

Why is a labour turnover of “0” possibly bad for an organisation?

A

No turnover at all can indicate that the company has a lack of ideas, with some new employees being able to bring a different energy and new ideas to the workplace. On top of this some employees may be less productive as they don’t consider being ‘fired’ a threat, so a low turnover would help motivate them. Also a good way to get rid of unproductive employees.

20
Q

What does the acronym “CLAMPS” stand for?

A
  • Challenge
  • Location
  • Advancement
  • Money
  • Pride
  • Security
21
Q

What are CLAMPS?

A

They are generally accepted by recruiters as legitimate reasons why people would want to leave their jobs.

22
Q

What are some internal factors that influence human resource planning?

A
  • Size
  • Strategies
  • Organizational structure
  • Finances
  • Motivation
  • Corporate culture
23
Q

What are some external factors that influence human resource planning?

A
  • Industry competition
  • Aging population
  • Less fresh talent
  • Labour and geographical mobility
  • New communication technologies
24
Q

What are the common steps in recruitment?

A
  1. Job analysis
  2. Job description
  3. Person specification
  4. Job evaluation
  5. Job advertisement
  6. Shortlisting
  7. Interviews
  8. Selection
  9. Background checks and references
  10. Job offer

ADSEASISBO

25
Q

What are the 4 types of training?

A
  1. On the job
  2. Off the job
  3. Behavioural
  4. Cognitive
26
Q

What is “on the job” training?

A

Training carried out whilst at the workplace
Two types of training on the job:
- Induction
- Acclimatising new employees with the people, policies and processes of the organization.
- eg. a tour of the campus, meeting key people.. etc
- Mentoring
- Being paired, or attaching an employee with a more experienced colleague who acts as a coach and supervisor

27
Q

What is “off the job” training?

A

Training carried out off-site

28
Q

What is “behavioral” training?

A

Identifying functional issues that could improve performance in the workplace by developing behavioral change in the workforce

29
Q

What is “cognitive” training?

A

Training and developing mental skills to improve work performance

30
Q

What are the objectives of training?

A
  • To enhance the efficiency and effectiveness of staff
  • To improve the quality of work by the employees
  • To facilitate career and personal development
31
Q

What is an “appraisal”?

A

Also known as a performance review, this is the formal procedure of assessing the performance and effectiveness of an employee, in relation to his/her job description.

32
Q

What are the 3 types of appraisals?

A
  • Formative appraisal
  • Summative appraisal
  • 360-Degree appraisal
33
Q

What does a “Formative Appraisal” include?

A

Type of appraisal that takes place on a continual basis in order to allow workers to improve their performance and effectiveness.

34
Q

What does a “360-degree Appraisal” include?

A

A type of appraisal system that provides feedback from a range of people who work with or interact with the appraisee, such as their line manager, co-workers, subordinates and even customers.

35
Q

What is a “dismissal”?

A

“The employer’s decision to terminate a worker’s employment contract, usually due to the worker’s incompetence and/or a breach of their employment contract”

36
Q

What is a “redundancy”?

A

Occurs when an organization no longer has a job for the employer or when the employer can no longer afford to hire the employee, i.e. the job ceases to exist

37
Q

What is “Flexitime employment”?

A

A form of flexible work practice that enables employees to work a set number of core hours each week, often at the office during peak periods of the day and/or week.

38
Q

What is “Teleworking”?

A

Flexible working practice that involves employees being away from the office as they rely on the use of telecommunications technologies, e.g. internet and mobile technologies.

39
Q

What is “Migration for work”?

A

People who move to other countries in search of better job opportunities. (eg. rural china –> cities for better jobs)

40
Q

What is “outsourcing”?

A

“Outsourcing is when a company transfers or contracts part of its work to outside suppliers or companies instead of completing it internally.”

41
Q

Why would a company want to “outsource”?

A

Outsourcing facilitates specialisation and ensure more efficient production. Outsourcing also allows companies to reduce their costs.

42
Q

What is “offshoring”?

A

“Offshoring occurs when a company relocates a manufacturing operation to a foreign country without giving up control or ownership of the operation.”

43
Q

What is the difference between “offshoring” and “outsourcing”?

A

Outsourcing is when a company transfers its work to an outside supplier, soo therefore not completing the work internally. Offshoring is when the company itself relocates to a foreign country without transferring any of it’s work or ownership.

44
Q

What is “reshoring”?

A

“Reshoring is the process of bringing back manufacturing facilities that were offshored to another country.”

45
Q

What is the opposite of “reshoring”?

A

offshoring

IB Business (43 decks)

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