20Q 07 Flashcards
PMP PREP
Which of the following is an example of a constraint that may be identified during Scope Planning?
a.
Project Scope
b.
Project Schedule
c.
Stakeholders
d.
Budget
Answer = Budget
A constraint is a limiting factor that affects the execution of a project. Budget, schedule, and resource availability are examples of constraints that are often identified during Scope Planning. While stakeholders, project scope, and risks are important factors in project success, they are not necessarily constraints.
During the procurement of materials for a construction project, a project manager uses a source selection criteria involving life-cycle costs, product support, compatibility, and past performance instead of focusing on the initial purchase price. What type of source selection approach is this?
a.
Weighted criteria
b.
Most innovative offer
c.
Lowest price
d.
Total cost of ownership
Total cost of ownership is a method for evaluating the overall, long-term costs associated with procuring a product or service. It includes life-cycle costs, product support, compatibility, and past performance, whereas other options focus on narrower criteria.
What is the difference between white-box testing and black-box testing?
a.
White-box testing tests the internal workings of a system, whereas black-box testing tests the external inputs and outputs of a system.
b.
White-box testing and black-box testing are the same thing.
c.
White-box testing and black-box testing are two similar testing techniques.
d.
White-box testing tests only the external inputs and outputs of a system, whereas black-box testing tests the internal workings of a system.
White-box testing tests the internal workings of a system, including its code, architecture, and design, whereas black-box testing tests the external inputs and outputs of a system, including its user interface, APIs, and behavior.
The correct answer describes the difference between these two testing techniques.
Joe is a project manager who is leading a design team to complete a new prototype. The team has a general concept of the product, but Joe encourages them to continually reexamine and improve upon the design as they develop it. What type of Project Life Cycle is he using?
a.
Iterative life cycle
b.
Incremental life cycle
c.
Adaptive life cycle
d.
Predictive life cycle
In an Iterative life cycle, the work is done in stages, but unlike other methods, iteration involves refining work done in previous iterations - discovering, step by step, how the product should look in the end.
The project manager needs to track resource utilization during the project to ensure optimal usage. What technique can he use?
a.
Gantt chart
b.
Earned value management
c.
Brainstorming
d.
Delphi technique
Earned value management is a project management technique for measuring project performance and progress in an objective manner. This can help track resource utilization effectively. The other techniques do not focus primarily on resource tracking.
A software development project has multiple paths. Path A has a duration of 35 days, Path B has a duration of 25 days, Path C has a duration of 30 days, and Path D has a duration of 42 days. Which path is the critical path?
a.
Path D
b.
Path B
c.
Path A
d.
Path C
The critical path is the LONGEST PATH through the project. In this case, the critical path is Path D with a duration of 42 days.
Sarah, a project lead, is working on a complex project that allows for the adaptation of the scope, cost, and project schedules as more data is gathered. Which life cycle approach is she using?
a.
Linear Life Cycle
b.
Adaptive Life Cycle
c.
Iterative Life Cycle
d.
Incremental Life Cycle
The Adaptive project life cycle, also known as change-driven or agile methods, is intended to facilitate change and require a high degree of ongoing stakeholder involvement.
Adaptive life cycles are also iterative and incremental, but differ in that iterations are very rapid (usually 2-4 weeks in duration) and are fixed in time and resources..
<aside>
💡 **Adaptive life cycles are also iterative and incremental,** but differ in that iterations are very rapid (usually **2-4 weeks** in duration) and are **fixed in time and resources.**
</aside>
You are handling a project that affects the local water reservoir. You are asked to perform an ecosystem service assessment. You chose a non-market valuation method. Which one do you choose to best understand the societal importance?
a.
Direct Market Valuation
b.
Hedonic Pricing
c.
Contingent Valuation
d.
Monetary Valuation
Contingent valuation is a non-market valuation method that considers societal importance and people’s willingness to pay. The other options are market-based or consider people’s actions indirectly.
What is the purpose of a risk assessment matrix?
a.
A risk assessment matrix is used to determine the priority of risks based on their likelihood and impact.
b.
A risk assessment matrix is used to identify and analyze risks.
c.
A risk assessment matrix is used to develop risk response plans.
d.
A risk assessment matrix is used to quantify the cost of risk mitigation activities.
A risk assessment matrix is used to determine the priority of risks based on their likelihood and impact. It is not used to identify and analyze risks, develop risk response plans, quantify the cost of risk mitigation activities, select the best risk response strategy for each risk, or validate the accuracy of the risk identification process.
What is the purpose of a project management information system (PMIS)?
a.
To ensure the confidentiality of project information
b.
To track team member attendance and productivity
c.
To automate project management tasks
d.
To provide stakeholders with relevant and timely information to make informed decisions
The purpose of a PMIS is to provide stakeholders with timely and relevant information to make informed decisions. This system is not meant to track attendance, automate tasks, ensure confidentiality, or store documents.
In a project to design a complex electrical system, the development team has provided detailed work package-level effort estimates. What is the best way to estimate the total effort to complete the project?
a.
Sum up the detailed work package estimates
b.
Apply a statistical reserve to account for uncertainties
c.
Multiply average work package estimates by the number of work packages
d.
Use experience from similar projects as a baseline
Summing up the detailed work package estimates indicates using a Bottom-Up Estimating approach. This method provides the most accurate and reliable estimate for completing the project. The other options do not consider the specific details of the work packages involved in this project.
Which of the following techniques for optimizing resources involves prioritizing activities based on their importance to the project?
a.Earned value management
b.Critical chain method
c.Monte Carlo analysis
d.PERT analysis
The critical chain method is a technique for optimizing resources by prioritizing activities based on their importance to the project. This involves identifying the most critical path through the project and focusing resources on the activities that are critical to completing the project on time.
Earned value management, Monte Carlo analysis, PERT analysis, and Gantt charts are all techniques for estimating project duration or measuring project progress,
but they do not involve resource optimization. Crashing involves temporarily adding resources to the project to speed up the schedule, but does not prioritize activities based on their importance to the project.
A project is running behind schedule and over budget because of certain features that were not initially part of the project scope. What could have been done to prevent this?
a.
Completing the project without unnecessary features
b.
Hiring an experienced project manager
c.
Allocating more budget to the project
d.
Ensuring all changes followed a formal change control process
To prevent the addition of unplanned features, it’s crucial to have a formal change control process. This process ensures all changes have been properly examined before being implemented.
A project manager has to choose a vendor for a project with limited budget. The cheapest vendor, however, has previously been litigious with clients. What should be the decision based on Source Selection Criteria?
a.
Hire legal counsel to mitigate risk from the cheapest vendor
b.
Negotiate with the cheapest vendor for zero litigations
c.
Choose the cheapest vendor irrespective of past
d.
Choose another vendor with less risk of litigation
The selection criteria should also incorporate risk assessment. The potential legal issues could result in costs that negate any initial cost savings provided by the cheaper vendor.
During vendor selection for an infrastructure project, two vendors were shortlisted. Vendor A has extensive industry experience but is new to local regulations. Vendor B is less experienced, but familiar with local regulations. What should be the proper course of action?
a.
Hire a third-party consultant to guide Vendor A
b.
Hire Vendor B for their local regulatory knowledge
c.
Hire Vendor A for their industry experience
d.
Consider setting up a team combining Vendor A’s industry experience and Vendor B’s local regulatory knowledge
In certain circumstances, sourcing from multiple vendors could provide a balanced mix of desired qualifications. It may result in a successful project delivery.
