2022.06.27 Flashcards
Which is correct?
1) My teacher suggested an exam I could take at the end of the year.
2) My teacher suggested an exam to me which I could take at the end of the year.
3) My teacher suggested me an exam I could take at the end of the year.
1) and 2) are correct
3) is wrong
Which is wrong?
1) Henry wanted to tell everyone, but Dora suggested waiting until the news had been announced officially.
2) Henry wanted to tell everyone, but Dora suggested to wait until the news had been announced officially.
2) is wrong
> If you eat à la c-e, you choose each dish from a separate list instead of eating a fixed combination of dishes at a fixed price.
按菜单点菜的(地)
You get more choice if you eat à la c-e/from the à la c-e menu.
如果你按菜单点菜的话，可选的菜肴会更多些
à la carte
adjective [ before noun ],
adverb
/ˌɑː lə ˈkɑːrt/
》caring about others and doing acts that help them although you do not get anything by doing those acts:#
#
a-c motives
altruistic
adjective#
/ˌæl·truˈɪs·tɪk/#
#
altruism#
noun [ U ]#
/ˈæl.tru.ɪ.zəm/
> an amount of money that each person must risk in order to be part of a game that involves gambling
赌注
a $30 a-e
30美元的赌注
ante
noun [ C ]
/ˈæn.t̬i/
> [formal or literary] quickly
飞快，迅速
The project is coming on a-e.
这个工程进展神速
apace
adverb
/əˈpeɪs/
> [formal] a person who attacks another person
攻击者
Can you describe your a-t?
你能描述一下攻击你的人吗？
assailant
noun [ C ]
/əˈseɪ.lənt/
> [formal] gradually making something weaker and destroying it, especially the strength or confidence of an enemy by repeatedly attacking it
(尤指给敌人的力量或自信造成的)消耗, 损耗, 削弱
Terrorist groups and the government have been engaged in a costly war of a-n since 2008.
> [US (UK natural wastage) business] a reduction in the number of people who work for an organization that is achieved by not replacing those people who leave
自然减员
> US (UK wastage) the people who leave an educational or training course before it has finished
中途辍学者
The high a-n rates on the degree programs are a cause for concern.
学位课程的辍学率是个令人担忧的问题。
attrition
noun [ U ]
/əˈtrɪʃ.ən/
》[informal] to be very funny
非常有趣#
#
He’s an absolute h-t.#
他是个极其有趣的人
be a hoot
bellicose
adjective
/ˈbel.ə.koʊs/
> [formal] wishing to fight or start a war
好战的，好斗的
The general made some b-e statements about his country’s military strength.
botnet
> A b-t is a number of Internet- connected devices, each of which is running one or more bots. An Internet bot, a.k.a. web robot, WWW robot or simply bot, is a software application that runs automated tasks (scripts) over the Internet.Users are often unaware of a b-t infecting their system.
> a small shop that sells fashionable clothes, shoes, jewellery, etc.#
卖流行服饰的小商店，精品店#
#
She bought some souvenir at the b-e when she visited that resort.
boutique#
noun [ C ]#
/buːˈtiːk/
> to wave something in the air in a threatening or excited way
威胁[或兴奋]地挥舞
She b-hed a saucepan at me so I ran out of the kitchen.
她拿着平底锅向我挥来, 于是我就跑出了厨房
brandish
verb [ T ]
/ˈbræn.dɪʃ/
> a noisy, rough, uncontrolled fight
[乱哄哄的]斗殴, 闹事
a drunken b-l
醉酒斗殴
brawl
noun [ C ]
/brɑːl/
> people who gather political campaign contributions from many individuals and present the sum to the campaign.
Campaigns often recognize these b-rs with honorary titles and, in some cases, exclusive events featuring the candidate.
bundler
> to return fire [urban English]
if someone shoots at you, you c-p b-k at their ass.
clap back
> [ C ] a large, strong box in which money or valuable objects are kept
[存放钱或贵重物品的]保险箱; 贵重物品箱
c-rs [ plural ]
> the money that an organization has in its bank accounts and available to spend
[某一组织的账户中可使用的] 资金, 金库
government/party c-rs
[政府/政党的资金储备]
coffer
noun
/ˈkɑː.fɚ/
》[formal] connected but less important, or of the same family although not directly related
附带的, 次要的; [亲戚]旁系的, 非直系的
c-l senses of a word
词语的次要意义
a c-l branch of the family
家族的旁系
collateral
adjective
/kəˈlæt̬.ɚ.əl/
> valuable property owned by someone who wants to borrow money, that they agree will become the property of the company or person who lends the money if the debt is not paid back
担保品, 抵押品
She used/put up her house as {c-l for} a loan.
她用自己的房屋作抵押来贷款
collateral
noun [ U ]
/kəˈlæt̬.ɚ.əl/
collusion
noun [ U ]
/kəˈluː.ʒən/
> [formal] agreement between people to act together secretly or illegally in order to deceive or cheat someone
勾结, 共谋[为欺骗某人而秘密不合法地达成的协议]
It is thought that they worked in c-n with the terrorist network.
人们认为他们与恐怖主义网络有勾结
》[formal] a private meeting at which the discussions are kept secret
秘密会议，秘密集会
〉[specialized, religion] a meeting of cardinals at which the Pope is elected
[天主教]枢机选举教皇的秘密会议
c-e
conclave
noun [ C ]
/ˈkɑːn.kleɪv/
> [mainly US old-fashioned informal] to say words that are not polite because you are angry
诅咒, 咒骂, 骂人
c-s = curse
cuss
verb [ I ]
/kʌs/
cut somebody some slack
> to allow someone to do something that is not usually allowed, or to treat someone less severely than is usual.
Officials have asked the Environmental Protection Agency to c-t Utah s-e s-k in enforcing the Clean Air Act.
> [mainly UK] in some churches, an official, either male or female, who is below a priest in rank and who performs some of the duties of a priest
[某些基督教团体的]执事，会吏
He served as d-n to help the priest in this church last year.
deacon
noun [ C ]
/ˈdiː.kən/
> [formal disapproving] extremely bad in a way that is very noticeable
[错误等]极其严重的, 极坏的, 令人震惊的
It was {an e-s error} for a statesman to show such ignorance.
一位政界人士表现得如此无知, 犯这种错误是极不应该的
egregious
adjective
/ɪˈɡriː.dʒəs/
> a piece of wood or coal, etc. that continues to burn after a fire has no more flames
(余火未尽的木块或煤块)
We sat by the glowing/dying e-rs of the fire.
(我们坐在余火未尽/将尽的炉火旁)
ember
noun [ C usually plural ]
/ˈem.bɚ/
> [UK formal] payment for work in the form of money or something else of value
酬金, 酬劳, 薪水
There must be full disclosure of company directors’ total e-ts.
emolument
noun [ C or U ]
/ɪˈmɑːl.jə.mənt/
> especially of a disease or a condition, regularly found and very common among a particular group or in a particular area
(尤指疾病或情况)地方性的; (在某地或某些人中)特有的, 流行的
Malaria {is e-c in} many of the hotter regions of the world.
疟疾流行于世界上许多气候较炎热地区
The disease {is e-c among} British sheep/to many British flocks.
这种疾病在英国羊只中/很多英国羊群中流行
There is {e-c racism/poverty/violence in} many of the country’s cities.
该国很多城市中, 种族主义猖獗/贫困现象普遍/暴力肆虐
endemic
adjective
/enˈdem.ɪk/
》[literary] a moment when you suddenly feel that you understand, or suddenly become conscious of, something that is very important to you
(对重要事物或宗教真谛的)顿悟
He had an e-y after pondering on this important issue for a whole week.
epiphany
noun [ C or U ]
/ɪˈpɪf.ən.i/
> bright red, like fire
a f-y sky/sunset
(火红的天空／落日余晖)
> [food] causes a strong burning feeling in the mouth.
(食物)辣的
a f-y chilli sauce
(辣味十足的辣椒酱)
> showing very strong feeling
A f-y debate ensued.
(接着是一场激烈的辩论)
a f-y temperament/temper
(火暴的性情/脾气)
a f-y orator/speech
(慷慨激昂的演说家/演说
fiery
adjective
/ˈfaɪə.ri/
》the last part of especially a musical or theatre performance, especially when this is very exciting or emotional#
[尤指音乐或戏剧表演高潮性的]结尾, 终曲, 终场#
#
All the dancers come on stage during the grand f-e.#
在高潮性的大结局中所有的舞者都上了台#
#
[figurative] What better f-e to her career than this extravagant gesture? #
还有什么能比这个大动作更好地为她的职业生涯画上句号呢
finale#
#
noun [ C usually singular ]#
/fɪˈnɑː.li/
》[informal] boring, with no new ideas or imagination
平淡无奇的
a f-t=f-d political campaign
一项平淡无奇的政治运动
As with all the best American comedies, the sharpness of the script made the average British sitcom seem embarrassingly f-t=f-d.
与所有最好的美国喜剧一样, 剧本的细腻使一般的英国情景剧相形见绌, 显得乏味无趣
flat-footed
adjective
[ before noun ]
/ˌflætˈfʊt̬.ɪd/
> a young bird that has grown feathers and is learning to fly
[学飞的] 幼鸟
> new and without experience
The current economic climate is particularly difficult for f-g businesses.
目前的经济气候对刚起步的公司来说特别艰难
fledgling
noun [ C ]
adjective
also fledgeling
/ˈfledʒ.lɪŋ/
> full of unpleasant things such as problems or dangers
The negotiations have been f-t with difficulties/problems right from the start.
From beginning to end, the airlift was f-t with risks.
> [UK] causing or having extreme worry or anxiety
This is one of the most f-t weekends of the year for the security forces.
The atmosphere in the office is rather f-t.
fraught
adjective
/frɑːt/
> [ I or T ] to become or to cause the threads in cloth or rope to become slightly separated, forming loose threads at the edge or end
(使布料或绳子)磨损, 磨散
Denim f-ys so easily.
劳动布很容易磨损。
I f-yed the edges of my jeans since that was the fashion in those days.
fray
verb
/freɪ/
garner
verb [ T ]
/ˈɡɑr·nər/
> to get or earn something valuable or respected, often with difficulty:
Coppola g-red several Oscars for his movie, “The Godfather.”
》a clear substance made from animal bones and used especially to make jelly
明胶; 骨胶; 动物胶
g-n
g-e
gelatin
/ˈdʒel.ə.tiːn/
mainly US gelatine
noun [ U ]
mainly UK
> something invented esp. for the purpose of attracting attention and that has no other purpose or value:
The proposal to cut taxes was nothing but a campaign g-k.
gimmick
noun [ C ]
/ˈɡɪm·ɪk/
> [ C ] [mainly US, informal] a violent criminal who is paid to hurt or threaten people
(受人雇用的)打手，杀手，暴徒
> [ C ] [old-fashioned, informal] a silly or stupid person
傻瓜；蠢人
g-n
goon
noun
/ɡuːn/
》[ U ] [mainly US] the act of getting money or advantage through the dishonest use of political power and influence
[滥用政治权力进行的]贪污, 受贿, 以权谋私
The whole government was riddled with g-t, bribery, and corruption.
政府内到处充斥着以权谋私, 行贿受贿和贪污腐败行为
graft
noun
(INFLUENCE)
/ɡræft/
》[ U ] [UK informal] work
I’ve never been afraid of hard g-t.
我从来就不怕做繁重的工作
graft
noun
/ɡræft/
> [ I ] UK informal to work hard
卖力工作
It was very sad that after spending all those years g-ting (away), he died so soon after he retired.
他拼命工作了那么多年, 可刚退休就去世了, 真是让人伤感
graft
verb (WORK)
/ɡræft/
》[ C ] a piece of healthy skin or bone cut from one part of a person’s body and used to repair another damaged part, or a piece cut from one living plant and attached to another plant so that it grows there
移植的皮肤[或骨骼]; 嫁接用的枝条[或芽]
He has {had a skin g-t on} his badly burned arm.
他的胳膊严重烧伤, 已经进行了植皮手术
graft
noun
/ɡræft/
> Forbidden or proscribed by Islamic law.
It has become a public secret that there are eateries and restaurants serving dog meat which is h-m for Muslims.
haram
/ˈherəm/
adjective
》[ C ] the head covering that some Muslim women wear when they are outside
头巾[伊斯兰教女性出门时用于包裹头部的头巾]
〉[ U ] the religious law that controls the clothes that Muslim women can wear
规定了伊斯兰教女性穿着的宗教法规
h-b
hijab
noun
/ˈhɪdʒ.æb/
homage
noun [ U ]
/ˈhɑː.mɪdʒ/
> deep respect and often praise shown for a person or god
崇敬，敬意
On this occasion we pay h-e to him for his achievements.
> to give a weak form of a disease to a person or animal, usually by injection, as a protection against that disease
给…接种, 给…作预防注射
My children have been i-ed against polio.
我的孩子都打了小儿麻痹预防针
inoculate
verb [ T ]
/ɪˈnɑː.kjə.leɪt/
》to join the fight or argument
After listening to the argument, Mary decided to {jump into the f-y}.
Tom {joined the f-y} and immediately got knocked down.
join the fray
jump into the fray
enter the fray
》[slang] to have sex with someone
So did you get l-d (= find someone to have sex with)?
你和人发生性关系了吗？
lay
verb
(HAVE SEX) get laid
> [ T usually + adv/prep ] to put something in especially a flat or horizontal position, usually carefully or for a particular purpose
What are the past tense and past particle of l-y?
lay
verb
/leɪ/
laid
> [ I ] to walk slowly and with difficulty because of having an injured or painful leg or foot
Three minutes into the game, Jackson l-ped off the pitch with a serious ankle injury.
limp
verb
/lɪmp/
》[ I + adv/prep, informal] to move or develop slowly and with difficulty
The little boat l-ped slowly towards the shore.
After l-ping along for almost two years, the economy is starting to show signs of recovery.
经过差不多两年的徘徊, 经济开始出现了复苏的迹象
limp
verb
/lɪmp/
》to throw something so that it goes high in the air in a curve
[尤指比赛中将球以高弧线] 踢, 击, 投, 抛
Police started {l-bbing tear gas canisters into the crowd}.
> a high, curving hit of a ball
高球; 挑高球
Jones {hit a beautiful l-b} over his opponent’s head.
lob
verb [ T ]
noun [ C ]
/lɑːb/ -bb-
》[mainly disapproving, of entertainment] not complicated or demanding much intelligence to be understood
(娱乐消遣)肤浅的, 庸俗的
He regards the sort of books I read as very l-w.
他认为我看的书太庸俗。
I like [a l-w action movie] once in a while.
偶尔我喜欢看些通俗的动作片
lowbrow
adjective
/ˈloʊ.braʊ/
》[literary] changing suddenly and often
a m-l temperament
(多变的性格)
She was entertaining but unpredictable, with {m-l mood swings}.
> [literary] intelligent, enthusiastic, and quick
a m-l mind/wit
活跃的思维／机敏的才智
mercurial
adjective
/mɝːˈkjʊr.i.əl/
》[mainly disapproving] Middlebrow music, literature, art, and films are of good quality, interesting, and often popular, but can be understood quite easily.
(音乐, 文学, 艺术或电影) 平庸的, 品位一般的
She reads only m-w books.
middlebrow
adjective
/ˈmɪd.əl.braʊ/
> [informal] a confused mixture
混杂物，大杂烩
The new housing development is [a m-h of] different architectural styles.
新的住宅区是各种建筑风格的大杂烩
mishmash
noun [ S ]
/ˈmɪʃ.mæʃ/
> feelings of hating women, or the belief that men are much better than women
厌女症，嫌忌女人
m-y
misogyny
noun [ U ]
/mɪˈsɑː.dʒən.i/
Mofo
> Short for “mother fucker”slang
m-o
> a small motorcycle with pedals that can be used when starting it or travelling up a hill
机动脚踏两用车，机动自行车
m-d
moped
noun [ C ]
/ˈmoʊ.ped/
> [formal, especially of activities] morally bad
[尤指活动]邪恶的, 不道德的
The company’s CEO seems to have been involved in some n-s practices/activities.
公司主管看来曾牵涉一些罪恶勾当
nefarious
adjective
/nəˈfer.i.əs/
》[formal disapproving] the act of using your power or influence to get good jobs or unfair advantages for members of your own family
任人唯亲；裙带关系
He was guilty of n-m and corruption.
nepotism
noun [ U ]
/ˈnep.ə.tɪ.zəm/
> [informal] someone who has just started doing an activity, a job, etc.
新手
The guide helps n-es understand the latest social networking sites and apps.
newbie
noun [ C ]
/ˈnuː.bi/
》the person or group of people you are most closely related to
直系亲属
We cannot release the names of the soldiers who were killed until we have informed their {n-t of k-n}.
遇害士兵的姓名要待我们通知其直系亲属之后才能公布
next of kin
noun [ C ]
/ˌnekst əv ˈkɪn/
[plural] next of kin
》of the nature/quality of nightmare
a n-h traffic jam
nightmarish
adjective
/ˈnɑɪtˌmer·ɪʃ, -ˌmær-/
》[informal] to not care about something or someone#
毫不在乎#
#
I {don’t g-e t-o h-s} what she thinks#
我不在乎她怎么想
not care/give two hoots#
(also not care/give a hoot)
> a short novel
短篇小说
Since he doesn’t have time to read novels, he often reads n-a during work breaks.
novella
noun [ C ]
/noʊˈvel.ə/
> If you do something of your own a-d, you do it without being asked to do it.
出于自愿，主动地
She came of her own a-d. No one asked her to come.
她自愿来的，没有人让她来
of your own accord
orca
noun [ C ]
> killer whale, a large, black and white sea mammal related to dolphins
逆戟鲸, 虎鲸
o-a
》to have a higher rank than someone
(级别、地位)比…高，在…之上
As Superintendent, she o-ked all the other police officers in the room.
(作为总警司, 她比房间里其他所有警官的警衔都高)
outrank
verb [ T ]
/ˌaʊtˈræŋk/
> [formal] a group of words or style of speaking used by a particular group of people
(说法, 用语)
Oral contraceptives are referred to as “the pill” in common p-e.
(口服避孕药通常被统称为 the pill)business/legal p-e
parlance
noun [ U ]
/ˈpɑːr.ləns/
》[formal] happening after a person’s death
a p-s award
死后荣膺的嘉奖
posthumous
sadjective
/ˈpɑːs.tʃə.məs/
》agreement or sympathy between people or groups:#
#
She {has a good r-t with} her staff.
rapport#
#
noun [ U ]#
/ræˈpɔr, rə-, -ˈpoʊr/
> [ C ] [specialized publishing] 500 sheets of paper
令(500 张纸)
> [ C usually plural, informal] a lot of something, especially writing
(尤指)大量的写作
She’s written r-ms of poetry.
她写了很多诗。
ream
noun
/riːm/
》[specialized] German measles
麻疹；风疹
r-a
rubella
noun [ U ]
/ruːˈbel.ə/
》[mainly US informal] a noisy situation or argument
喧闹, 骚乱, 高声争吵
r-s
ruckus
noun [ C usually singular ]
/ˈrʌk.əs/
》[ I ] to laugh and speak about a person or idea in a way that shows that you think they are stupid or silly
嘲笑, 讥笑
The critics {s-fed at} his paintings.
批评家对他的画作嗤之以鼻
Years ago people would have s-fed at the idea that cars would be built by robots.
多年前, 人们会嘲笑让机器人来制造汽车这种想法
》[ T ] UK [US scarf, informal] to eat something quickly and eagerly
狼吞虎咽地吃
I baked a huge cake this morning, and the kids {s-fed the lot}.
我今天早上烤了一个大蛋糕, 孩子们狼吞虎咽地全吃光了。
scoff
verb
/skɑːf/
> a smooth, curved piece of plastic or metal that you hold in the back of your shoe when putting it on, to help your foot slide into it
鞋拔
s-n
shoehorn
noun [ C ]
/ˈʃuː.hɔːrn/
> [world history] a military governor in Japan before 1867
将军, 1867年之前日本的军事总督
s-n
shogun
noun [ C ]
/ˈʃoʊ·ɡən/
》[ U ] formal a feeling of anger and disagreement
愤怒; 不满; 愤懑
[mainly UK] She threatened, in a fit/burst of s-n, to resign.
她一时恼怒, 威胁说要辞职
Shareholders used the conference as an opportunity to vent their s-n on the Board of Directors.
股东们把大会当成了向董事会泄愤的机会
spleen
noun
/spliːn/
》[ C ] an organ near the stomach that produces and cleans the body’s blood
脾
s-n
spleen
noun
/spliːn/
》to cause an injury to a joint (= a place where two bones are connected) by a sudden movement
扭伤[关节]
She s-ned her ankle playing squash.
她打壁球扭伤了脚踝
sprain
verb [ T ]
/spreɪn/
》to stop a discussion from developing by refusing to answer questions or by talking in such a way that you prevent other people from giving their opinions
[以拒绝回答问题或阻止他人发表意见等方式]阻碍[议事]，[为][讨论]设置障碍
The interviewer accused the minister of s-ling on the issue of tax increases.
采访者指责部长闭口不谈增加税收的问题
stonewall
verb [ I or T ]
/ˈstoʊn.wɑːl/
> having real importance or value:
a s-e issue/matter
s-e talks/negotiations
substantive
adjective
/ˈsʌb·stən·tɪv/
summary execution
> an execution in which a person is accused of a crime and immediately killed without benefit of a full and fair trial.
He was put to death by s-y e-n without a jury hearing.
> a rope or chain used to tie, especially an animal, to a post or other fixed place, usually so that it can move freely within a small area
(尤指拴动物的)系绳；拴链
t-r
tether
noun [ C ]
/ˈteð.ɚ/
the cosmos
noun [ S ]
/ˈkɑːz.moʊs/
> the universe considered as a system with an order and pattern
[视作有序体系的]宇宙
The c-s
theology
noun
/θiˈɑː.lə.dʒi/
> [ U ] the study of religion and religious belief
神学，宗教信仰学；宗教信仰
> [ C or U ] a set of beliefs about a particular religion
神学，宗教信仰学；宗教信仰
He spent two years studying t-y before going overseas to build a church.
》a small, sharp pointed growth on the stem of a plant#
(植物茎上的) 刺, 荆棘#
#
Phrase: t-n in your flesh/side = a person or thing that repeatedly annoys you or causes you pain#
(肉中刺, 眼中钉)#
#
A relentless campaigner, he was a t-n in the government’s side for a number of years.#
作为一名不屈不挠的活动家，多年来他一直是政府的眼中钉
thorn#
#
noun [ C ]#
/θɔːrn/
tix
> Text messaging word for “tickets”.
Got the tix 4 the game r u rdy?
triathlete
noun [ C ]
/traɪˈæθ.liːt/
> someone who competes in a t-n
三项全能运动员(参加三项全能运动比赛的运动员)
She is a t-e and has great stamina.
twinkie
> An American snack cake, marketed as a “Golden Sponge Cake with Creamy Filling.”
t-e
> Release from shackles, chains, or other physical restraints.
The slaves were u-ed and brought out
> Liberate; set free.
More homebuyers want to u-e themselves from their mortgages early.
unshackle
verb [ T ]
/ʌnˈʃæk.əl/
> [formal] extremely generous with time, money, praise, help, etc.
极慷慨的, 极大方的
u-g support/generosity
不遗余力的支持／极度慷慨
She was quite u-g in her praise.
她毫不吝惜赞美之词
unstinting
adjective
/ʌnˈstɪn.t̬ɪŋ/
up the ante
> increase your demands or the risks in a situation in order to achieve a better result.
增加赌注；提高要求；提高风险
The government has upped the a-e by refusing to negotiate until a ceasefire has been agreed.
政府增加了砝码，在达成停火协议之前拒绝谈判
uptick
noun
/ˈʌptɪk/
> [ C or U ] an increase in something:
u-k in sth
We can see some u-k in activity in the marketplace.
> [ C ] STOCK MARKET, FINANCE a price or offer on a share that is higher than the previous price at which the share was sold:
Even after yesterday’s u-k, the shares remain more than 40% below their peak a year ago.
> [specialized] relating to the tubes that carry blood or other liquids in animals and plants
血管的; [植物]维管的
the v-r system
脉管系统
a v-r surgeon
血管外科医师
vascular
adjective
/ˈvæs.kjə.lɚ/
> a type of theatre entertainment in the 1800s and early 1900s that included music, dancing, and jokes
[19世纪至20世纪初的] 综艺演出, 歌舞杂耍表演
His great grandparents liked to go to v-e on weekends.
vaudeville
noun [ U ]
/ˈva:d.vɪl/ US
(UK music hall)
> A v-t disease or poison is dangerous and spreads or affects people very quickly.
剧毒的; 致命的
A particularly {v-t strain of flu} has recently claimed a number of lives in the region.
一场有致命杀伤力的流感最近在美国夺去了数人的生命
> [formal] full of hate and violent opposition
恶毒的, 狠毒的
She is {a v-t critic of} US energy policy.
她是美国外交政策尖刻的批评者
virulent
adjective
/ˈvɪr.jə.lənt/
