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Path Past Papers > 2022 = edit answers not all right > Flashcards

2022 = edit answers not all right Flashcards

1
Q

Name the most common parasitic infection in the duodenum causing malabsorption

A

Giardiasis

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2
Q

Name the most common cause of cancer death in males and females

A

lung and breast

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3
Q

During pregnancy, pregnant women are offered vaccines. One of these is Covid vaccine. State one of the other 2.

A

Influenza nad 4 in 1

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4
Q

If O- blood not available

A

O+ blood is given

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5
Q

tMost of common cause of constrictive t with associated calcifications

A

constrictive pericarditis with associated calcifications is tuberculosis (TB).

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6
Q

Lady with mucormycosis, drainage of abscess happening soon, what antifungal do you give?

A

liposomal amphotericin B.

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7
Q

. Child with no B cell, no ig, but t cells

A

severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID)

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8
Q

Smear / smudge cells

A

CLL

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9
Q

Name the type of physiological cell death that occurs in embryogenesis

A

apotosis

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10
Q

What are the macroscopic findings 3 hours after a transmural myocardial infarction

A

Macroscopic findings three hours after a transmural myocardial infarction typically include pale discoloration of the affected area, loss of contractility, and possible rupture leading to hemorrhage in severe cases.

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11
Q

LMWH monitoring

A

anti-Xa assay

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12
Q

Most common non smoking cancer

A

adenocarcinoma

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13
Q

A 50 yo guy has sxs. Did blood film, bloods and BM aspirate. Flower nuclei white cells with Pelger Huet cells. What’s the diagnosis?

A

myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS). MDS is a group of disorders characterized by abnormal development and maturation of blood cells in the bone marrow.

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14
Q

Which hepatitis virus normally doesn’t become chronic, but dangerous for pregnant women?

A

Hepatitis E virus (

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15
Q

Which fungus that can cause respiratory disease in immunocompromised cannot be treated using a certain type of antifungal (cos it doesn’t have ergosterol in its cell wall), it’s normally treated with co-trimoxazole?

A

Pneumocystsis jirovecii

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16
Q

A poorly controlled T2DM pt has oozing infection of eyes and sinuses, ENT surgeons taking for debridement surgery, what’s the immediate pharm Tx?

A

intravenous ceftriaxone or piperacillin/tazobactam

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17
Q

What’s seen on histology in Hirschsprung’s biopsy?

A

absence of ganglion cells

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18
Q

Kid gets a purpuric rash and fever too. Blood investigations show low (<10%) 50% haemolytic complement (CH50) and low (<10%) 50% alternative complement pathway (AP50). What is the likely causative organism?

A

Neisseria meningitidis. Meningococcal infection can lead to complement consumption and subsequent low complement levels.

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19
Q

man with respiratory symptoms coughing blood and renal sxs. Has renal biopsy which shows linear deposition on basement membrane immunofluorescence on immunohistochem. What Gel-Coombs reaction?

A

type 2

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20
Q
  1. Pregnant women are offered the mRNA COVID-19 vaccine. Name one of the other two vaccines offered.
A

Inactivated influenza vaccine (flu shot) or the Tdap vaccine (tetanus, diphtheria, and pertussis)

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21
Q
  1. Person with aortic stenosis develops sudden SOB, 85% O2 sats, and elevated JVP. What could be the cause?
A

Acute heart failure due to volume overload from blood transfusions

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22
Q
  1. What peripheral blood test would reveal a diagnosis in line with multiple myeloma?
A

Serum protein electrophoresis (SPEP)

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23
Q
  1. Which bone cancer is most likely to develop in someone with Paget’s disease?
A

Osteosarcoma

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24
Q
  1. Diagnosis with increased IgG lambda, normal kappa lambda ratio, and IgG levels below 30g/L?
A

Primary amyloidosis (AL amyloidosis)

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25
Q
  1. Person with diabetes, atherosclerotic diseases, started ACE inhibitor, develops elevated creatinine and urea, inability to pass urine. What is the underlying condition of the kidney?
A

Acute renal failure due to renal artery vasoconstriction

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26
Q
  1. What is the animal reservoir of Bartonella henselae?
A

Domestic cats

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27
Q
  1. Person with MEN2, underwent thyroidectomy for medullary thyroid cancer, develops palpitations and hypertension. What could be the cause?
A

Pheochromocytoma

28
Q
  1. Most likely cause of a mobile breast mass in a young woman
A

fibroadenoma

29
Q

What is the most common primary brain tumor in adults?

A

glioblastoma multiforme

30
Q

CMV meningitis patient requiring intravenous medication. What would you administer?

A

ganciclovir

31
Q

Young woman with ovarian tumor, elevated AFP. Which type of tumor is this?

A

Yolk sac

32
Q

Child with abdominal pain and bloody diarrhea after visiting a farm. Likely causative organism?

A

E. coli O157

33
Q

What is the most common type of melanoma?

A

Superficial spreading melanoma

34
Q

Lady following COVID treatment with steroid, striae, difficulty losing weight, abnormal cortisol results. Diagnosis?

A

Cushing’s syndrome due to ectopic ACTH production

35
Q

What is raised when a cell undergoes hemolysis?

A

potassium

36
Q

Man with positive HTLV-1, flower cells, what type of cancer?

A

Adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATLL)

37
Q

Woman with autoimmune thrombocytopenia presenting with haematemesis. Most appropriate treatment?

A

platlet transfusion

38
Q

Baby/young child with 21-alpha-OH deficiency, likely serum levels of electrolytes?

A

High sodium and low potassium

39
Q

Oldish man with anemia symptoms, spherocytes on blood film and positive DAT. Diagnosis?

A

autoimmune haemolytic anaemia

40
Q

Serology of a person who has previously recovered from hepatitis but is at risk of reinfection if immunocompromised?

A

Hep surface Ag -ve, core Ab +ve, surface Ab -ve

41
Q

Best antibody for Sjögren’s syndrome?

A

Anti-SSA (anti-Ro) antibodies

42
Q

Term given to the number of true negatives divided by the total number of negative results in a diagnostic test?

A

Negative predictive value

43
Q

Testicular tumor that spreads through para-aortic lymph nodes and responds well to radiotherapy?

A

Seminoma

44
Q

Atypical mycobacterium causing diarrhea and abdominal symptoms in an HIV-positive individual with low CD4 count?

A

Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC)

45
Q

Antiviral used in COVID-19 treatment?

A

Remdesivir and others

46
Q

Type of hyperlipidemia that causes acute pancreatitis?

A

Hypertriglyceridemia

47
Q

Most likely diagnosis in a child with sickle cell anemia presenting with SOB, lethargy, low RBC, and low reticulocytes?

A

Splenic sequestration

48
Q

Antimicrobial choice for a woman with bronchiectasis colonized with Pseudomonas aeruginosa?

A

Co-trimoxazole (Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole)

49
Q

Antibiotic alternative for a patient with meningococcal meningitis allergic to penicillins and cephalosporins?

A

cholormphenicol

50
Q

Most likely causative organism of a well-rounded, hypoechoic liver abscess in a patient?

A

Entamoeba histolytica

51
Q

Treatment for malignant melanoma?

A

Nivolumab (anti-PD1)

52
Q

Drug given to a patient with CLL with p53 deletion?

A

ibrutinib

53
Q

Disease routinely screened for in transfusions?

A

HIV

54
Q

Most likely complication of multiple pulmonary thromboemboli?

A

pulmonary hypertension

55
Q

Cardiomyopathy associated with amyloid, sarcoidosis, or other causes?

A

Restrictive cardiomyopathy

56
Q

Deficiency of which blood cell is indicated by an absent band on electrophoresis of gamma something?

A

B

57
Q

Hemorrhage caused by cortical veins in the brain?

A

Subdural

58
Q

Monoclonal antibody treatment for Crohn’s disease after no response to steroids and 5-ASA?

A

Vedolizumab

59
Q

Hematological malignancy with monocytes and hypogranular basophilic cytoplasm?

A

AML

60
Q

Polysaccharide vaccine?

A

HIB

61
Q

Penicillin prophylaxis for life in a patient with splenectomy due to susceptibility to which pathogens?

A

Streptococcus pneumoniae

62
Q

treatment of staph

A

Rank Antibiotics
1. Flucloxacillin
2. Co-amoxiclav
3. Ceftriaxone
4. Pip-Tazobactam
5. Meropenem

63
Q

temproal arthritis

A

Rank Investigations
1. Biopsy with details
2. Fancy USS with details
3. ESR, Alk phos
4. CRP
5. ESR

64
Q

sjorgens

A

Rank Investigations
1. Anti-Ro
2. ANA titre 1:300
3. CRP
4. Biopsy of gland infiltrates
5. ESR

65
Q

verterbral ostoemyelitis

A

Causative organisms for vertebral osteomyelitis:

Rank Organisms
1. Staphylococcus aureus
2. Streptococcus anginosus
3. Escherichia coli
4. Brucella melitensis
5. Pseudomonas aeruginosa

66
Q

pth levels

A

Rank Conditions
1. Secondary hyperparathyroidism
2. Osteoporosis
3. Breast cancer with bony mets
4. Paget’s disease
5. Primary hyperparathyroidism with high Ca

67
Q

potassium levels

A

Rank Conditions
1. Addison
2. Cushing’s
3. Primary hypothyroidism
4. Conns
5. Phaeochromocytoma

Path Past Papers (38 decks)

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