2022 = edit answers not all right Flashcards
Name the most common parasitic infection in the duodenum causing malabsorption
Giardiasis
Name the most common cause of cancer death in males and females
lung and breast
During pregnancy, pregnant women are offered vaccines. One of these is Covid vaccine. State one of the other 2.
Influenza nad 4 in 1
If O- blood not available
O+ blood is given
tMost of common cause of constrictive t with associated calcifications
constrictive pericarditis with associated calcifications is tuberculosis (TB).
Lady with mucormycosis, drainage of abscess happening soon, what antifungal do you give?
liposomal amphotericin B.
. Child with no B cell, no ig, but t cells
severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID)
Smear / smudge cells
CLL
Name the type of physiological cell death that occurs in embryogenesis
apotosis
What are the macroscopic findings 3 hours after a transmural myocardial infarction
Macroscopic findings three hours after a transmural myocardial infarction typically include pale discoloration of the affected area, loss of contractility, and possible rupture leading to hemorrhage in severe cases.
LMWH monitoring
anti-Xa assay
Most common non smoking cancer
adenocarcinoma
A 50 yo guy has sxs. Did blood film, bloods and BM aspirate. Flower nuclei white cells with Pelger Huet cells. What’s the diagnosis?
myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS). MDS is a group of disorders characterized by abnormal development and maturation of blood cells in the bone marrow.
Which hepatitis virus normally doesn’t become chronic, but dangerous for pregnant women?
Hepatitis E virus (
Which fungus that can cause respiratory disease in immunocompromised cannot be treated using a certain type of antifungal (cos it doesn’t have ergosterol in its cell wall), it’s normally treated with co-trimoxazole?
Pneumocystsis jirovecii
A poorly controlled T2DM pt has oozing infection of eyes and sinuses, ENT surgeons taking for debridement surgery, what’s the immediate pharm Tx?
intravenous ceftriaxone or piperacillin/tazobactam
What’s seen on histology in Hirschsprung’s biopsy?
absence of ganglion cells
Kid gets a purpuric rash and fever too. Blood investigations show low (<10%) 50% haemolytic complement (CH50) and low (<10%) 50% alternative complement pathway (AP50). What is the likely causative organism?
Neisseria meningitidis. Meningococcal infection can lead to complement consumption and subsequent low complement levels.
man with respiratory symptoms coughing blood and renal sxs. Has renal biopsy which shows linear deposition on basement membrane immunofluorescence on immunohistochem. What Gel-Coombs reaction?
type 2
- Pregnant women are offered the mRNA COVID-19 vaccine. Name one of the other two vaccines offered.
Inactivated influenza vaccine (flu shot) or the Tdap vaccine (tetanus, diphtheria, and pertussis)
- Person with aortic stenosis develops sudden SOB, 85% O2 sats, and elevated JVP. What could be the cause?
Acute heart failure due to volume overload from blood transfusions
- What peripheral blood test would reveal a diagnosis in line with multiple myeloma?
Serum protein electrophoresis (SPEP)
- Which bone cancer is most likely to develop in someone with Paget’s disease?
Osteosarcoma
- Diagnosis with increased IgG lambda, normal kappa lambda ratio, and IgG levels below 30g/L?
Primary amyloidosis (AL amyloidosis)
- Person with diabetes, atherosclerotic diseases, started ACE inhibitor, develops elevated creatinine and urea, inability to pass urine. What is the underlying condition of the kidney?
Acute renal failure due to renal artery vasoconstriction
- What is the animal reservoir of Bartonella henselae?
Domestic cats
- Person with MEN2, underwent thyroidectomy for medullary thyroid cancer, develops palpitations and hypertension. What could be the cause?
Pheochromocytoma
- Most likely cause of a mobile breast mass in a young woman
fibroadenoma
What is the most common primary brain tumor in adults?
glioblastoma multiforme
CMV meningitis patient requiring intravenous medication. What would you administer?
ganciclovir
Young woman with ovarian tumor, elevated AFP. Which type of tumor is this?
Yolk sac
Child with abdominal pain and bloody diarrhea after visiting a farm. Likely causative organism?
E. coli O157
What is the most common type of melanoma?
Superficial spreading melanoma
Lady following COVID treatment with steroid, striae, difficulty losing weight, abnormal cortisol results. Diagnosis?
Cushing’s syndrome due to ectopic ACTH production
What is raised when a cell undergoes hemolysis?
potassium
Man with positive HTLV-1, flower cells, what type of cancer?
Adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATLL)
Woman with autoimmune thrombocytopenia presenting with haematemesis. Most appropriate treatment?
platlet transfusion
Baby/young child with 21-alpha-OH deficiency, likely serum levels of electrolytes?
High sodium and low potassium
Oldish man with anemia symptoms, spherocytes on blood film and positive DAT. Diagnosis?
autoimmune haemolytic anaemia
Serology of a person who has previously recovered from hepatitis but is at risk of reinfection if immunocompromised?
Hep surface Ag -ve, core Ab +ve, surface Ab -ve
Best antibody for Sjögren’s syndrome?
Anti-SSA (anti-Ro) antibodies
Term given to the number of true negatives divided by the total number of negative results in a diagnostic test?
Negative predictive value
Testicular tumor that spreads through para-aortic lymph nodes and responds well to radiotherapy?
Seminoma
Atypical mycobacterium causing diarrhea and abdominal symptoms in an HIV-positive individual with low CD4 count?
Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC)
Antiviral used in COVID-19 treatment?
Remdesivir and others
Type of hyperlipidemia that causes acute pancreatitis?
Hypertriglyceridemia
Most likely diagnosis in a child with sickle cell anemia presenting with SOB, lethargy, low RBC, and low reticulocytes?
Splenic sequestration
Antimicrobial choice for a woman with bronchiectasis colonized with Pseudomonas aeruginosa?
Co-trimoxazole (Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole)
Antibiotic alternative for a patient with meningococcal meningitis allergic to penicillins and cephalosporins?
cholormphenicol
Most likely causative organism of a well-rounded, hypoechoic liver abscess in a patient?
Entamoeba histolytica
Treatment for malignant melanoma?
Nivolumab (anti-PD1)
Drug given to a patient with CLL with p53 deletion?
ibrutinib
Disease routinely screened for in transfusions?
HIV
Most likely complication of multiple pulmonary thromboemboli?
pulmonary hypertension
Cardiomyopathy associated with amyloid, sarcoidosis, or other causes?
Restrictive cardiomyopathy
Deficiency of which blood cell is indicated by an absent band on electrophoresis of gamma something?
B
Hemorrhage caused by cortical veins in the brain?
Subdural
Monoclonal antibody treatment for Crohn’s disease after no response to steroids and 5-ASA?
Vedolizumab
Hematological malignancy with monocytes and hypogranular basophilic cytoplasm?
AML
Polysaccharide vaccine?
HIB
Penicillin prophylaxis for life in a patient with splenectomy due to susceptibility to which pathogens?
Streptococcus pneumoniae
treatment of staph
Rank Antibiotics
1. Flucloxacillin
2. Co-amoxiclav
3. Ceftriaxone
4. Pip-Tazobactam
5. Meropenem
temproal arthritis
Rank Investigations
1. Biopsy with details
2. Fancy USS with details
3. ESR, Alk phos
4. CRP
5. ESR
sjorgens
Rank Investigations
1. Anti-Ro
2. ANA titre 1:300
3. CRP
4. Biopsy of gland infiltrates
5. ESR
verterbral ostoemyelitis
Causative organisms for vertebral osteomyelitis:
Rank Organisms
1. Staphylococcus aureus
2. Streptococcus anginosus
3. Escherichia coli
4. Brucella melitensis
5. Pseudomonas aeruginosa
pth levels
Rank Conditions
1. Secondary hyperparathyroidism
2. Osteoporosis
3. Breast cancer with bony mets
4. Paget’s disease
5. Primary hyperparathyroidism with high Ca
potassium levels
Rank Conditions
1. Addison
2. Cushing’s
3. Primary hypothyroidism
4. Conns
5. Phaeochromocytoma
