2021 paper Flashcards
What nerves are anaesthetised to remove 48?
Right Lingual nerve
Right Long buccal nerve
Right alveolar nerve
Pins and needles feeling or partial loss of sensation
Paraesthesia
Painful, unpleasant or neuralgic sensation that lasts for a fraction of a second
Dysesthesia
Total loss of sensation
Anaesthesia
Give 3 clincial features that could account for neuro-sesory deficit
Damage to the nerves during the surgery
Crushing on removal of the tooth
Cuttting /shredding due to the LA
Damage to the inferior alveolar nerve when placing the LA
A patient recieved adjuvant radiotherapy to treat his mouth cancer. What additional info do you require to know about the radiotherapy treatment he recieved?
The dose
The field
What dose of radiotherapy delivered to the primary tumour increases the risk of osteoradionecrosis?
60 gray
How would you manage cervical margin caries who is at increased risk of osteoradionecrosis?
Carry out primary orthograde endo and decoronate
What are 2 oral complications with radiation therapy
Trismus
Xerostomia
Mucositits
People who recieve radiotherapy what are 2 preventitive measures that can be put in place to reduce the risk of fututre dental disease
Increased fluoride toothpaste (2800ppm or 5000ppm)
A salive substitue to help with dry mouth
Tooth mousse or fluoride trays
What is a management for establised osteoradionecrosis of the jaw?
Hyperbaric oxygen to increase local tissue oxygenation
Causes of liver cirrhosis other than alcohol?
Infection - hep A,B,C,D
Non alcoholic fatty liver disease
Why can thrombocytopenia occer in people with liver disease?
Could be due to a reduction in the production of thrombopoietin which is a product of the liver and regulates the production of platelets
He has alcohol induced liver cirrhosis which means the alcohol could suppress the bone marrow where platelets are produced casuing low plateletes
Splenic sequestration
If thrombocytopenia occurs in insolation, above what level is it safe to XLA in GDP setting without specialist help?
> 50 x10^9/L
Why can a person with advanced alcoholic liver disease be at increased risk of bleeding?
They have lack of clotting factors present in their liver including vitamin K coagulation factor which means they are unable to clot correctly
They have thrombocytopenia
Dentine/enamel fracture of 11
4 signs/symptoms which you would would look for in longitudinal monitoring of this patient
Colour of the tooth
Mobility of the tooth
If the tooth becomes sore on percussion or palpation
Pain to hot and cold drinks/food
4 causes of nursing bottle caries
Prolonged breastfeeding
Inappropraite drink in the drinking bottle - such as sugar containing drinks
The child being allowed to take their drinking bottle to bed and consume it through the night
The child is not swallowing the liquid and swirls it around in their mouth
Inappropraite types of drinking bottles being used
Definition of local causes of malocclusion
It is a localised probelm with either arch confined to 1 or 2 teeth which produces a malocclusion
4 examples of variation in tooth number?
Supernumerary tooth
Hypodontia
Early loss of primary teeth
Retained primary teeth
4 types of supernumerary teeth?
Concial
Tuberculate
Odontome
Supplemental
What faults can lead to overhangs of amalgam restorations?
The matrix band for the placement of the restoration has not been placed correctly and has poor adaption
There has been excessive force applied when the dentist has been condensing the amalgam
What are short tem and long term problems of overhangs in resotrations?
Short term - it can lead to food trap and calc and plq accumulate in the area and the patient cannot clean the area correctly
Long term - this can lead to the person not being able to clean the area and leads to ging and periodontitis can occur and potentially secondary caries
How can you correct an overhang froma resotration
By redoing the restoration and replacing a new one with no overhangs. This can be ensured by correct adaptation of the matrix band by using wooden wedges
By using soft flex disks and finishing strips
What is a border position
It is one determined by the anatomy of the TMJ and related muscles
Why is the retruded axis important in clinical dentistry
Due to it being a reproducible position
What 2 records are required for mounting casts on a semi adjustable average value articulator
Facebow
Inter-occlusal registration
What is the average value of the sagittal condylar guidance angle which may be used on an articulator?
30 degrees
What are 3 functions of primary endodotic irrigant
Concentration
Volume
Medchanial agitation
What are the 5 core stages of the WD
Pre wash/flush Main wash Rinse Thermal Disinfection Drying
Describe the function of each stage of the WD
Pre wash/Flush - saturates the contaminated instruments at a temp below 35 degrees
Main wash - supplemented with detergent to remove contamination
Rinse - Removes any reminaing resiude, biological or chemicals before thermal disinfection. it occurs at temps below 65 degrees
Thermal Disinfection - it actively kills micro-orgnasisms with heated water. Occurs at temp of 90-95 degrees for 1min
Drying - Removes any remaning moisture from the instruments before sterilisation
What is the most common cause of facial truama in a female patient?
Physical Abuse
Give 4 forms of abuse that might be involved in domaestic abuse?
Verbal Abuse
Emotional Abuse
Sexual Abuse
Financial Abuse
What process should you follow to ask about domestic abuse?
- A = Ask – ask the patient using non-judgemental language and if possible, in a private setting about their abuse
- V = Validate – Show the person you are concerned and worried about them and tell them that you believe them
- D = Document – Use the patient’s own words to create detailed notes on their abuse and what they say to you.
- R = refer – signpost the patient to different services available – e.g – Scottish domestic abuse helpline. The patient should be the one who takes the action to do this.
4 physical signs of domestic abuse?
Bruises at different stages of healing
TMJ problems
Strange marks around the neck or marks on their ears
Orofacial pain or dental injuries that don’t add up to the explanation
2 catergories of patient who may be considered to be more at risk of domestic abuse?
Women who are separated
People who have mental health problems
4 benefits that digital radiography has over film?
No need for chemical processing
Easy storage and archiving
Images can be easily transferred between practices
Dose reduction to the patient as image receptors are more senstive than convential film
Benefit of rectangular collimination?
Reduces the dose to the patient by limiting the xray beam to the area required.
It improves the quality of the xray and reduces the amount of rejects and need for repeat xrays
What chemical property of lead makes it effective at absorbing xrays
It has a high atomic number and density
What does the term justification mean on whether to take a dental xray or not?
The radiograph shoould only be carried out if it is going to benefit the patient and out way any potential risks to the paitent from the xposure
ALARP
As low as resonably practicable
