2015 paper Flashcards by Lynne Mitchell

Why is non setting calcium hydroxide an ideal inter appoinment medicament

pH = 12.5 - contributes to antimicrobial activity
Effective in removing tissue debris
Adhere directly to dentine rather than restorative material

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What is aim of obturation

Traps remaining microorganisms within the root canal
Blocks apical foramina and dentinal tubules and accessory canals#
Prevent passage of micro-organisms and fluid aling root canal

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Components of GP

Radiopacifier = (15%)
Zinc Oxide (65%)
Plasticiser (5%)

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Reasons for using sealers

Seals between detintal wall and core
Fills voids and irregularities in canals and between GP points
Lubricates during condensation

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2 characterstics of biofilm ECM that enable resistance to antimicrobials?

Biofilm impairs diffusion of antimicrobials
Biofilm has adhesive properties which trap antimicrobials and can be destroyed by enzymes
Extracellular DNA and biofilm specific resistance gene

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2 bacteria involved in Perio

P.gingivalis

Prevotella intermedia

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2 bacteria involved in caries

Streptococcus mutans

Lactobacilli

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2 key features that allow carious bacteria to adhere and survive in acidic environment

adhesins
binding proteins - glucan binding protein
sugar modifying factors - fructanase, dextranase

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2 systemic diseases related to perio

Diabetes
CVS
Rhemuatoid arthritis

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What are ideal thermal properties of acrylic denture base and why

High softening temp - must not distort during ingesitng of hot fluids or cleaning
Thermal expansion same as artifical tooth to avoid internal stresses on cooling during manufracture

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Mould liner used in making acrylic denture

Reduces porosity

Easier to carry out de flasking

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What is gasous porosity

Shows fine uniform bubbles/ voids in thicker regions
Occurs due to exothermic reaction of polymerisation
Need efficent polymerisation to give high molecular weight polymer
Fast curing leads to gasous porosity

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Why do you keep denture in moist environment outside the mouth?

Prevent infection
More comfortable in patients mouth
For retention
If over dried can go brittle
Shape can change and no longer fit

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What are 2 impression materials used for lower complete dentures?

Alginate
Polyether
Silicone

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What is the defnitive name for master impressions

Secondary/definitive impressions

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2 factors affecting physical retention

Border seal

Post dam

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2 anatomical features used for position of upper posterior border

Hamular notches
Palatine fovea at vibrating line
Border of hard palate

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3 anatomical features to include on lowers

Buccal shelf
Residual ridge
Retromolar pad

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Maxiallry sinus border

Inferior border

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Horizontal line for OPT parallel to floor

Frankfort plane

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What happens if antrior are horizontally magnified

Patient too far back in machine

Canine behind the guidance mark

Posterior horizontally wider on one side

Patient rotated in machine

What type of radiograph would you do for pre XLA of 48 only

Right half panoramic

What type of radiograph do you do for a child that can’t tolerate BW’s

OPT - setting 4

What is a null hypotheisis

General statement suggesting no statistical significance in set of data

What is xerostomia

Reduced or absent saliva flow | When flow of saliva <0.3ml/min of unstimulated saliva flow

What are the oral impacts of xerostomia

``` Increased caries risk Increased perio risk Candidosis Dental erosion Sialadentitis - infection of salivery gland ```

Medications that cause xerostomia

``` Diuretics Beta blockers Anti covulsants Antidepressants Anti psychiotics ```

What are other causes of xerostomia

``` Radio and chemo Parkinsons Sjorens Syndrome Cystic fibrosis Rheumatoid Arhtritis ```

2 modifications to enable wheelchair patient to get to first floor surgery

ground floor access Handrails for support Wide doors and corridors for wheelchairs Wheelchair turning circle within surgery

2 methods to communicate if cant write etc

Makaton Picture boards Talking mats

How to get patient into suitable position for exam

Stand aid Hoist Banana Board Wheelchair recliner

Mouth access with cerebral palsy is difficult why?

Due to random and uncontrolled and muscle weakness/stiffness

2 non pharmocological management for mouth access problem

Bedi shield Open wide mouth rests Toothbrush

XLA 45 - what nerves are anaesthetised?

Inferior dental nerve | Lingual nerve/mental nerve

How do you test anaesthesia?

Numbness of tongue and lower lip | Gently probe around area of tooth and determine if any pain felt

3 possible nerve deficity

Anaesthesia (numbness) Paraesthesia (tingling) Dysaesthesia (unpleasant sensation/pain)

What are 3 causes of nerve damage?

Crushing on removal of tooth Cutting/shredding due to LA Damage to nerve in surgery Damage due to LA

Upper 1 not erupting after decidious fell out due to trauma | What do you do on first interaction with patient

``` Take medical and dental history Radiographs and exams Palpate the buccal sulcus Maintain space Monitor for 1 1/2 years Refer for ortho Surgical exposure - bond with ortho gold chain ```

2 causes of failed eruption of permanent tooth

Trauma Unerupted supernumary preventing eruption Abnormal developmental position

4 principles of ortho management for non eruption of 11

``` Create space Bonded retainer Surgical exposure Remove supernumary Monitor 1 1/2years ```

When is a suitable XLA time for lower 6's

Bifurcation of 7's Presence of 5's and 8's on xrays Class 1 incisor relationship

TX plan for non carious upper 6's

Compensating XLA

What are 2 advantages of XLA 6's at right time?

Caries free dentition Spontaneous eruption of 7's and space closure Reduction of ortho

2 disadvantages of XLA 6's

Bad experience for child Loss of a permanent tooth GA risk

3 PPE for carrying out manual cleaning and why?

Marigold gloves - protect hands from detergent which is iriitant Plastic disposable apron - protect clothes from splashes when washing Plastic visor to protect against aerosol during washing contaminated instruments

When do you degas an ultrasonic and why?

Degas after filling from empty to remove air/oxygen from water You degas oxygen asd can have affect cavitation and instrumentes may not be cleaned correctly

2 examples of manual cleaning

Immersion - non lumen devices, mirros, probes | Non immmersion - lumened devices, handpieces

Why use deionised water in sterilisers?

Prevents deposists of minerals on machine and instruments

4 reasons that make you suspect trauma is non accidental

``` Delay in seeking help Account not compatible with story Injuries to both sides of the body Injuries with a particular pattern Injuries to soft tissues ```

2 effects of trauma on decidous teeth

Discolouration Discolouration and infection Delayed exofoliation of tooth

4 effects of trauma on permanent successor

``` Hypoplasia Hypomineralisation delayed eruption Ectopic eruption Damage to crown development Damage to root development (dilaceration) ```