2016 paper Flashcards by Lynne Mitchell

4 factors causing candidosis

imunocompromised patients
Denture wearers
Steriod use/antibiotic use
Advanced HIV infection
Trauma patients

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What organism and virulence factor causes candidosis?

Candida albicans

Hyphae?

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How is a biofilm formed?

Ahesion
Colinisation
Maturation
Acid production

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What is the test for candida albicans and suggest the lab identification method?

Germ tube formation test

Blue/green colour

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What are some examples of antifungals and mechanism for both?

Azoles - fluconazole - inhibits eryosterol to be synthesised, targets anerobic bacteria
Polyenes - nystatin - directly on eryosterol and bind and cause pores and pores cause leakage of the cytoplasmic content. leads to cell death and lysis.

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How can an amaglam container be kept safe?

Spill proof
Leak proof
Mercury vapour suppressant in lid

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What do you clean blood spillage with?

Sodium hypochlorite

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Concentration of chemical to clean a blood spillage?

10,000ppm and chlorine

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What would the treatment plan be for an 8 year old with ED#?

Bond fragment to tooth or composite bandage
take 2 PA’s to rule out root fracture or luxation
Sensibilty test and evalaute tooth mobility

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What are 4 radiographic signs of a non vital tooth?

External root resorption
Internal root resorption
Anklyosis 
Width of PDL increased
Loss of lamina dura
PA radiolucecny

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4 things found in a trauma stamp?

Tooth notation
Colour 
Mobility 
TTP
Percussion note
Sinus EPT

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Fluordie regime for high caries risk 2 years old

1350-1500ppm

Fluoride varinsh - 22,600ppm

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3 types of dementia?

Alzehmeirs
Vascular
Dementia with lewy bodies

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4 signs of late stages of dementia?

Loss of speech 
Incontinenece
Difficulty eating, swallowing and weight loss
Inability to recognise familiar objects
Increased physical fragility

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What are the tests for dementia?

Blessed dementia scale
Detailed cognitive test
Mini mental state examination

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What are the ways a dental practice can be made dementia friendly

Fix labels and images to drawers
WC close to and visible from bed
Walls, floor and skirting boards all different colours
Furniture traditional and domestic
Personal pics and items

What does the term dentally fit mean?

Means the patient is free from all dental disease before they have their treatment carried out which makes them immunocompromised and more susceptible to infection

What is a multi disiplinary team?

Includes professionals from different areas in healthcare who come together to plan, assess and provide care for someone

What are 3 members of MDT in cancer?

Chemo nurse
Oncologist
Pathologist
Surgeon
Physio

3 complications of radiotherapy for cancer

Xerostomia
Mucosistis
Radiation induced caries
Osteoradionecrosis
Trismus

4 modifiable factors for causes of cancer

Chewing tobacco
Smoking
Alcohol
Pre existing mucosal abnormalities
Diet high in ACE vitamins

Local causes of malocclusion?

Soft tissues or pathology
Variation in tooth number
Variation in tooth size/form
Abnormalities of tooth position

4 conditions of tooth number which can results in malocclusion?

Supernumerary tooth
Hypodontia
Retained primary teeth
Early loss of primary teeth
Unschduled loss of permanent teeth

Name 4 supernumary teeth?

Conical
Tuberculate
Supplemental
Odontome

What is meant by SIMD

Scottish index of multiple deprivation. It is an area based index which ranks data zones within scotland in order of deprivation based on range of domains including housing, income, geographical, access to public services. 1= most deprived 5= least deprived

2 roles of epidemiology?

to study the cause and determinants of disease to assess peoples risk of disease to develop preventitve programmes

Incidence?

the number of new disease cases developing over a specific period of time in a defined population

Prevalence

Number of disease cases in a population at a given time

What are the consistuents of S.S?

``` iron - 72% Chromium - 18% Nickel - 8% Titanium - 1.7% Carbon - 0.3% ```

What is work hardening?

It is work done on a metal alloy at low temps below recrystalisation Could be bending, swaging or rolling It causes SLIP - where defects in a grain boundary being moved along the grain boundaries where they stay Makes alloy harder and stronger

What is meant by springiness?

Can undergo large deflections without permanent deformation

2 disadvantages of self cure PMMA?

poorer colour stability Poorer mechanical properties Residual monomer can cause allergy

4 peri op complications

``` Difficulty of access Abnormal resistance Fracture of tooth Wrong tooth Loss of tooth Heamorrhage Dislocation of TMJ ```

What is apixban

Factor Xa inhibitor work by blocking action of activated factor X which is needed for forming a blood clot

How is a facial palsy caused?

The needle is inserted too far back and LA has been deposisted in the parotid gland The facial nerve runs through the parotid gland and causes paralysis of the facial muscles that the nerve innervates

what are 3 differences between stroke and facial palsy?

Can wrinkle forehead with a stroke Stroke is life threatening A stroke is due to a blood clot With a stroke it occurs on the opposite side

What are 4 ways to manage a patient with facial palsy?

Reassure them Patch for eye Tell them that the sensation will return within a few hours Steriods

What is the neural anatomy for stroke

Interuption of the supranuclear fibres from motor areas of cerebral cortex on one side before they reach facial motor nuclues The facial nucleus only review contralateral innervation for the lower face but innervation for both sides for upper face.