2016 paper

Question 1

4 factors causing candidosis

Answer 1

imunocompromised patients
Denture wearers
Steriod use/antibiotic use
Advanced HIV infection
Trauma patients

Question 2

What organism and virulence factor causes candidosis?

Answer 2

Candida albicans

Hyphae?

Question 3

How is a biofilm formed?

Answer 3

Ahesion
Colinisation
Maturation
Acid production

Question 4

What is the test for candida albicans and suggest the lab identification method?

Answer 4

Germ tube formation test

Blue/green colour

Question 5

What are some examples of antifungals and mechanism for both?

Answer 5

Azoles - fluconazole - inhibits eryosterol to be synthesised, targets anerobic bacteria
Polyenes - nystatin - directly on eryosterol and bind and cause pores and pores cause leakage of the cytoplasmic content. leads to cell death and lysis.

Question 6

How can an amaglam container be kept safe?

Answer 6

Spill proof
Leak proof
Mercury vapour suppressant in lid

Question 7

What do you clean blood spillage with?

Answer 7

Sodium hypochlorite

Question 8

Concentration of chemical to clean a blood spillage?

Answer 8

10,000ppm and chlorine

Question 9

What would the treatment plan be for an 8 year old with ED#?

Answer 9

Bond fragment to tooth or composite bandage
take 2 PA’s to rule out root fracture or luxation
Sensibilty test and evalaute tooth mobility

Question 10

What are 4 radiographic signs of a non vital tooth?

Answer 10

External root resorption
Internal root resorption
Anklyosis 
Width of PDL increased
Loss of lamina dura
PA radiolucecny

Question 11

4 things found in a trauma stamp?

Answer 11

Tooth notation
Colour 
Mobility 
TTP
Percussion note
Sinus EPT

Question 12

Fluordie regime for high caries risk 2 years old

Answer 12

1350-1500ppm

Fluoride varinsh - 22,600ppm

Question 13

3 types of dementia?

Answer 13

Alzehmeirs
Vascular
Dementia with lewy bodies

Question 14

4 signs of late stages of dementia?

Answer 14

Loss of speech 
Incontinenece
Difficulty eating, swallowing and weight loss
Inability to recognise familiar objects
Increased physical fragility

Question 15

What are the tests for dementia?

Answer 15

Blessed dementia scale
Detailed cognitive test
Mini mental state examination

Question 16

What are the ways a dental practice can be made dementia friendly

Answer 16

Fix labels and images to drawers
WC close to and visible from bed
Walls, floor and skirting boards all different colours
Furniture traditional and domestic
Personal pics and items

Question 17

What does the term dentally fit mean?

Answer 17

Means the patient is free from all dental disease before they have their treatment carried out which makes them immunocompromised and more susceptible to infection

Question 18

What is a multi disiplinary team?

Answer 18

Includes professionals from different areas in healthcare who come together to plan, assess and provide care for someone

Question 19

What are 3 members of MDT in cancer?

Answer 19

Chemo nurse
Oncologist
Pathologist
Surgeon
Physio

Question 20

3 complications of radiotherapy for cancer

Answer 20

Xerostomia
Mucosistis
Radiation induced caries
Osteoradionecrosis
Trismus

Question 21

4 modifiable factors for causes of cancer

Answer 21

Chewing tobacco
Smoking
Alcohol
Pre existing mucosal abnormalities
Diet high in ACE vitamins

Question 22

Local causes of malocclusion?

Answer 22

Soft tissues or pathology
Variation in tooth number
Variation in tooth size/form
Abnormalities of tooth position

Question 23

4 conditions of tooth number which can results in malocclusion?

Answer 23

Supernumerary tooth
Hypodontia
Retained primary teeth
Early loss of primary teeth
Unschduled loss of permanent teeth

Question 24

Name 4 supernumary teeth?

Answer 24

Conical
Tuberculate
Supplemental
Odontome

Question 25

What is meant by SIMD

Answer 25

Scottish index of multiple deprivation.
It is an area based index which ranks data zones within scotland in order of deprivation based on range of domains including housing, income, geographical, access to public services.
1= most deprived
5= least deprived

Question 26

2 roles of epidemiology?

Answer 26

to study the cause and determinants of disease
to assess peoples risk of disease
to develop preventitve programmes

Question 27

Incidence?

Answer 27

the number of new disease cases developing over a specific period of time in a defined population

Question 28

Prevalence

Answer 28

Number of disease cases in a population at a given time

Question 29

What are the consistuents of S.S?

Answer 29

iron - 72%
Chromium - 18%
Nickel - 8%
Titanium - 1.7%
Carbon  - 0.3%

Question 30

What is work hardening?

Answer 30

It is work done on a metal alloy at low temps below recrystalisation
Could be bending, swaging or rolling
It causes SLIP - where defects in a grain boundary being moved along the grain boundaries where they stay
Makes alloy harder and stronger

Question 31

What is meant by springiness?

Answer 31

Can undergo large deflections without permanent deformation

Question 32

2 disadvantages of self cure PMMA?

Answer 32

poorer colour stability
Poorer mechanical properties
Residual monomer can cause allergy

Question 33

4 peri op complications

Answer 33

Difficulty of access
Abnormal resistance
Fracture of tooth
Wrong tooth
Loss of tooth
Heamorrhage
Dislocation of TMJ

Question 34

What is apixban

Answer 34

Factor Xa inhibitor work by blocking action of activated factor X which is needed for forming a blood clot

Question 35

How is a facial palsy caused?

Answer 35

The needle is inserted too far back and LA has been deposisted in the parotid gland
The facial nerve runs through the parotid gland and causes paralysis of the facial muscles that the nerve innervates

Question 36

what are 3 differences between stroke and facial palsy?

Answer 36

Can wrinkle forehead with a stroke
Stroke is life threatening
A stroke is due to a blood clot
With a stroke it occurs on the opposite side

Question 37

What are 4 ways to manage a patient with facial palsy?

Answer 37

Reassure them
Patch for eye
Tell them that the sensation will return within a few hours
Steriods

Question 38

What is the neural anatomy for stroke

Answer 38

Interuption of the supranuclear fibres from motor areas of cerebral cortex on one side before they reach facial motor nuclues
The facial nucleus only review contralateral innervation for the lower face but innervation for both sides for upper face.