2. Prokaryotic Cells Flashcards
Size of viruses compared to bacteria
Much smaller (20-300 nm)
How do viruses store genetic material?
As nucleic acids (DNA or RNA)
How do viruses reproduce?
They can only multiply in host cells
Where is the nucleic acid in viruses found?
Inside a protein coat (the capsid)
What are some viruses like HIV surrounded by?
A lipid envelope
What does the lipid envelope/the capsid have?
Attachment proteins which help the virus to identify and attach to a host cell
Five organelles that all prokaryotic cells have:
- cell surface membrane
- ribosomes
- nucleoid
- cytoplasm
- cell wall
What is the cell wall in prokaryotes made of?
Murein (a type of peptidoglycan)
Function of slime capsule in prokaryotes
- Protection from other cells
2. Helps groups of bacteria to stick together for further protection
Function of cell wall in prokaryotes
- Physical barrier that excludes certain substances
2. Protects against mechanical damage and osmotic lysis
Function of cell surface membrane in prokaryotes
Differentially permeable layer - controls entry and exit of chemicals/substances
Function of plasmids in prokaryotes
Contains genes that may help the survival of the bacteria/organism in adverse conditions
Organelles that are present in some prokaryotes
- Plasmids
- Slime capsule
- Flagellum
Draw a prokaryotic cell (see OneNote)
see how well you did! :)
Via which process do prokaryotic cells divide?
Binary fission
