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Biology > 1. DNA Structure > Flashcards

1. DNA Structure Flashcards

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1
Q

Condensation reaction of a nucleotide to form a polynucleotide

A

See Notion

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2
Q

What bonds connect the pentose sugar and adjacent phosphate group together in a polynucleotide?

A

Covalent phosphodiester bonds

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3
Q

A DNA molecule consists of…

A

two polynucleotide chains joined together by hydrogen bonds between the complementary base pairs.
The strands are anti-parallel (i.e. they run in opposite directions)

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4
Q

What is meant by the strands running from 3’ to 5’?

A

See Notion

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5
Q

Purines

A

Adenine & guanine

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6
Q

Pyrimidines

A

Thymine, cytosine & uracil

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7
Q

3 ways in which RNA structure differs from DNA structure

A

Single helix
Deoxyribose replaced by ribose
Thymine replaced by uracil

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8
Q

When does DNA need to be replicated

A

Before mitosis

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9
Q

DNA replicates by…

A

semi-conservative DNA replication

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10
Q

The phosphate group and pentose sugar can be collectively known as the…

A

sugar-phosphate backbone

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11
Q

Hydrogen bonds between the bases are broken by what?

A

helicase

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12
Q

Helicase is involved in…

A

unwinding the DNA strand and breaking the H bonds between complementary base pairs

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13
Q

New DNA strands are built using…

A

free nucleotides found in the nucleus

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14
Q

What does DNA polymerase do?

A

Catalyses formation of phosphodiester bonds between nucleotides in the new strand

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15
Q

Each new DNA molecule has…

A

one old and one new strand

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16
Q

Meselson-Stahl experiment

A

Generation 0: only heavy DNA
Generation 1: only intermediate DNA - disproves conservative replication.
Generation 2: 50% intermediate, 50% light - disproves dispersive replication because otherwise it would all be intermediate but a bit lighter.

17
Q

What would generation 3 look like of the Meselson-Stahl experiment?

A

75% light, 25% intermediate

18
Q

Which two groups are involved in phosphodiester linkage?

A

3’ hydroxyl and 5’ phosphate

Biology (42 decks)

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