2- Pharmacology of ectoparasitic control Flashcards
Name the 6 main groups of ectoparasite control
Nicotinic acetylcholine receptor stimulants (Neoniatinoids)
Cholinesterase inhibitors (organophosphate)
GABA inhibitors (Phenylpyrrazoles)
GABA & Chloride channel inhibitors (Isoxazolines)
Chloride Channel stimulator (Macrolyclic lactones)
Sodium channel stimulant (Pyrethroids)
What drug group does Imidacloprid belong to
Neonicatinoids
Imidacloprid:
What drug group? What pathway does it act on? & What is it used for? Is it absorbed systemically?
Neonicatinoids = Acting as a nicotinic Ach receptor stimulant
Licensed for fleas in small animals
Not absorbed systemically
Name drugs that belong to the Neonicatinoids
Imidacloprid
Nitenpyram
Dinotefuran
A organophosphate is a …..
Cholinesterase inhibitor
What drug group does diazinon belong to?
Organophosphates
Why has the use of organophosphates been reduced
use greatly reduced due to neurotoxicity concerns
Was in sheep dip
Give a drug example of a GABA inhibitor
Fipronil (frontline)
A pehnylpyrrazoles is a ……… & acts against what parasites?
GABA Inhibitor
fleas & ticks (& chewing lice in dogs)
not absorbed systemically
Safety concern on fipronil
Toxic to rabbits
Isoxazolines are a….. & what parasites do they act on?
GABA & Chloride channel inhibitor
Fleas & ticks
rapid onset of action
absorbed systemically
Using isoxazolines in what type of patient is contraindicated
Animals having seizures
Give 2 examples of a isoxazolines
Fluralaner (bravecto)
Sarolaner
Afoxolaner
Esafoxolaner
Lotilaner
Macrocyclic lactones are a ……
Chloride channel stimulator
What are the 2 groups of macrocyclic lactones?
Ivermectin’s & Milbemycins
What is the safety concern regarding macrocyclic lactones?
Neurotoxicity if MDR1 gene mutation (seen in collies)
ivermectin ix toxic to chelonians
Moxidectin & milbemycin oxide is what type of drug?
Milbemycin = macrocyclic lactone = Chloride channel stimulator
What animal is ivermectin toxic too?
Chelonians
Pyrethroids are a …..
Sodium channel stimulant
Give 2 examples of pyrethroids
Permethrin
Cypermethrin
Deltamethrin
Flumethrin
Pyrethroids are toxic to what species?
Cats & Aquatic life
3 modes of action of insect growth regulators
Juvenile hormone analogues
Chitin synthesis inhibitors
Triazine derivatives
What class of drugs also act as repellents?
Pyrethroids
How do neurotoxins work as part of ectoparasitic control
act on parasite CNS synapses, axons or neuromuscular junctions —> spastic or flaccid paralysis
