2- Anti-biotic drug classes and mechanism Flashcards
Define Narrow and broad-spectrum antibiotics.
Narrow = targets either gram -ve or gram +ve = narrow group of bacteria
Broad spectrum = Targets both the gram +ve & -ve
Define bacteriostatic
drugs that inhibit the growth of bacteria
- rely on the host system to actually remove
Define MIC
Minimum inhibitory concentration is the smallest amount of a drug that will inhibit the growth of a bacteria
List 4 targets of antibiotics
Inhibition of protein synthesis
Inhibition of cell membrane function
Inhibition of cell wall synthesis
Inhibition of DNA dependent RNA polymerase
Disruption of DNA structure
Describe how beta-lactam antibiotics work
Inhibit the transpeptidase (PBP)
Resulting in peptide crosslinks not being able to form in the cell wall
= Weak wall - weekend bacteria that bursts due to positive osmotic pressure
How do peptide antibiotics work?
Interacts with cell wall D-ala D-ala moieties
Prevents synthesis of. the NAG/NAM polymers (Creates peptidoglycan which forms the cell wall)
what are the 2 groups of beta-lactam antibiotics
penicillins and cephalosporins
Name 2 antibiotics types which inhibit protein synthesis
Aminoglycoside
Chloramphenicol
Lincomycin
Clindamycin
Macrolides
Tetracyclines
Tiamulin
What is the target of sulphonamides/Trimethoprim (TMPS)?
DNA synthesis
Competitive inhibitors of dihydropteroate synthetase
Inhibits dihydropteroate synthesis
Needed for DNA synthesis
What type of antibiotics have excellent use in anaerobic gram +VE bacteria?
Beta-lactams
Define Bacteriocidal
kills the organism
Define MBC
minimum bactericidal concentration
the concentration required at the site of infection to kill the bacteria
What are 1st generation cephalosporins effective against
very effective against gram +ve bacteria
only moderately effective against gram -ve bacteria
