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Biology > 2 Organisation of the organism > Flashcards

2 Organisation of the organism Flashcards

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1
Q

Plant Cells

A
  • Cell wall: Present (made of cellulose)
  • Nucleus: Present, close to cell wall
  • Cytoplasm: Present
  • Chloroplasts: Present
  • Vacuoles: Large, containing cell sap
  • Cell membrane: Present, surrounded by cell wall
  • Shape: Fixed shaped by cell wall
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2
Q

Animal Cells

A
  • Cell wall: Absent
  • Nucleus: Present
  • Cytoplasm: Present
  • Chloroplasts: Absent
  • Vacuoles: Small, no cell sap
  • Cell membrane: present
  • Shape: No fixed shape
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3
Q

Cell Membrane

A
  • forms a barrier between the cell and surrounding
  • keep cell contents in
  • allow substances to enter and leave the cell (e.g. oxygen, carbon dioxide, and water)
  • control movement of other substances into and out of the cell. e.g. glucose
  • Partially permeable
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4
Q

Nucleus

A
  • controls all activities in the cell
  • controls the development of cell
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5
Q

Cytoplasm

A
  • chemical reactions take place
  • contains ribosomes, rough endoplasmic reticulum and vesicles
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6
Q

Chloroplast

A

-contains chlorophyll needed for photosynthesis

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7
Q

Cell Wall

A
  • Prevent cells from bursting
  • Gives shape to cell
  • Allow substances to pass through (fully permeable)
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8
Q

Sap Vacuole

A
  • full of water to maintain shape and firmness of cell
  • stores salts and sugars
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9
Q

Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum

A
  • ribosomes present on outer surface
  • package and transport proteins made by ribosomes
  • small pieces of rough ER form vesicles to transport protein around the cell
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10
Q

Ribosomes

A
  • synthesise protein
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11
Q

Mitochondria

A
  • aerobic respiration occurs
  • cells with high rates of metabolism
    require large numbers of mitochondria to
    provide sufficient energy
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12
Q

Ciliated cells

A
  • beat back and forth to create current to move fluid
  • move the mucus that traps dust and pathogens in the trachea and bronchi
  • move the egg from the ovary to the uterus in the oviducts
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13
Q

Root hair cells

A
  • long extensions give them a large surface area
  • absorb water and ions from the soil
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14
Q

Xylem vessels

A
  • cylindrical and empty
  • arranged into column-like pipes
  • thickened with bands of cellulose and LIGNIN
  • carry water and ions up the stems
  • support stem and leaves
    -made of dead cellulose cells
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15
Q

Palisade mesophyll cells

A
  • closely packed
  • contains numerous chloroplasts that trap light energy
  • starch grains found in the cytoplasm
  • photosynthesis
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16
Q

Ciliated epithelial cell

A

Moving mucus in the trachea and the bronchi of the lungs. Ciliated cells also move the ovum and zygote down the fallopian tube

Cilia are hair-like extensions of the cell. They are constantly moving and sweep mucus long

17
Q

Nerve cells

A
  • thin extensions of the cytoplasm like wires
  • conduction of impulses
18
Q

Red blood cells

A
  • Shaped like flattened discs to provide large surface area to volume ratio (biconcave shape)
  • contains haemoglobin that carries oxygen
  • transport of oxygen
19
Q

Sperm and egg cells

A
  • reproduction
  • gamates
20
Q

Tissue

A

group of cells with similar structures, working together to perform a shared function

21
Q

Organ

A

structure made up of a group of tissues, working together to perform specific functions

22
Q

Organ System

A

a group of organs with related functions, working together to perform body functions

23
Q

Magnification Calculations

A

AIM or MIA

24
Q

Prokaryotes

A

Organisms that do not have a proper nucleus enclosing their genetic material.

25
Q

Cell

A

The smallest basic unit of living organisms. All living organisms are made of cells.

26
Q

Organism

A

Any living biological entity, such as an animal, plant, fungus, or bacterium.

27
Q

Difference between Animal and plant cells

A

Feature Animal cells Plant cells
cytoplasm √ √
nucleus √ √
mitochondria √ √
vacuole √
cell wall √
chloroplasts √

28
Q

Features of bacteria cell

A

cell wall, enclosing the cell
cell membrane, surrounding the cytoplasm
cytoplasm, a substance filling the cell where metabolic reactions take place
ribosomes, for protein synthesis
circular DNA, containing the genetic material
plasmids, small loops of DNA containing a few genes that can be transferred to other bacteria.

29
Q

Examples of Organ systems

A

plant shoot
plant root
digestive system
circulatory system
immune system
respiratory system
excretory system
nervous system
reproductive system

30
Q

Micrometres

A

1 mm = 1000 μm

Biology (21 decks)

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