2 Memory and the Brain Flashcards
Welche Traumata / Krankheiten werden häufig verwendet, um das beschädigte Gehirn zu untersuchen?
- Traumatic brain injury (TBI)
- Korsakoff-Syndrom (bei Alkoholkonsum)
What is Traumatic brain injury (TBI)?
Caused by a blow or jolt to the head, or by a penetrating head injury. Normal brain function is disrupted. Severity ranges from “mild” (brief change in mental status or consciousness) to “severe” (extended period of unconsciousness or amnesia after the injury).
What is Alcoholic Korsakoff syndrome?
Patients have difficulty learning new information, although events from the past are recalled. There is a tendency to invent material to fill memory blanks. Most common cause is alcoholism, especiall when this resulted in a deficiency of vitamin B1.
Warum war der Patient HM (Henry Molaison) wichtig für die psychologische Forschung?
Weil er zeigte, dass das LTM separat vom STM funktioniert.
Was ist doppelte Dissoziation (double dissociation)?
Wenn zwei Patienten mit entgegengesetzten Symptomen untersucht werden.
What are ERP’s?
The pattern of electroencephalograph activity obtained by averaging the brain responses to the same stimulus presented repeatedly.
- most sensitive to peaks or gyri
What is transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS)?
- magnetic pulses briefly disrupt the functioning of a given brain area
- lesions ar temporary, hence reversible
- affects a relatively large area
- can result in discomfort or even seizure
What is Electro-encephalography (EEG)?
- noninvasive
- picks up electrical activity of the brain trough electrodes
- Complex pattern of activation
- more precise: event-related potentials (ERPs)
Welche funktionllen Methoden zur Untersuchung des Gehirns werden im Buch vorgestellt?
- Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS)
- Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS)
- Electro-encephalography (EEG)
- Magneto-encephalography (MEG)
What is Magneto-encephalography (MEG)?
- activity of the brain is detected trough tiny magnetic fields
- most sensitive to sulci
+ more precise localisation
- more expensive
Welche strukturellen Methoden zur Untersuchung des Gehirns werden im Buch vorgestellt?
- CT
- MRI (präziser als CT)
- DTI (Aspekt von MRI)
What is Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS)?
- low direct current via electrodes on the skull delivered to selected areas
+ may reduce depression
+ may be used for cognitive enhancement
Welche Blutstrombasierten Methoden zur Untersuchung des Gehirns werden im Buch vorgestellt?
- Position emission tomography (PET)
- fMRI
- Multi-voxel pattern analysis (MVPA)
What is Positron emission tomography (PET)?
- injecting a radioactive tracer substance
- measuring the amount of oxygen in the blood stream
‘- poorer temporal resolution
+ more spatially specific
‘- potentially dangerous to the patient
What is fMRI?
- noninvasive
- functional Version of MRI
+ better spatial resolution than PET
- poor temporal resolution
+ less expensive than PET
Übersicht über die Methoden
