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Histology > [2] Lecture 18: Nervous Tissue > Flashcards

[2] Lecture 18: Nervous Tissue Flashcards

1
Q

Specialized to receive stimuli

A

Irritability

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2
Q

Specialized to transmit impulses

A

Conductibility

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3
Q

Cellular conponents of nervous tissue:

A

Neurons

Neuroglial cells

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4
Q

Conduct impulses fundamental structural and functional unit of NS

A

Neuron

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5
Q

Nonconductive cells support and protect the neurons

A

Neurglial cells

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6
Q

3 parts of neuron

A

Cell body-soma

Dendrites

Axon

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7
Q

Contains nucleus
Nissl bodies consists of RER and fire ribocomes
Extensive rER visible w/ light microscopy and elaborate golgi
Abundant mito.
Abundant microtubules and IFs
Lipofucsin granules are formed from lysosomes and accumulate w/ age of the neuron.
Asso. W/ ligand gated channels and local potentials.

A

Cell body

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8
Q

Conduct impulses (local potentials) towards cell body;
Contain nissl substance, mito, and other cytoplasmic components as cell body EXCEPT golgi;
May be studded w. Spines;
Tend to taper distally;
Asso. W/ ligand gated channels and local potentials

A

Dendrites

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9
Q

Site for the origin of the axon;

Devoid of nissl substance; asso. W./ AP generation

A

Axon hillock

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10
Q

Asso. W/ voltage gated cation channels and APs;
Contain mito. And microtubules;
Lacks RER, ribosomes, and golgi apparatus;
Constant diameter its entire length;
Terminates in branching telodendrites- which contain synaptic vesicles and r/t proteins;
Telodendrites form presynaptic membranes.
May be enclosed in myelin sheath.

A

Axon

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11
Q

[ ]’s of RER free ribosomes in axon cell body

A

Nissan bodies found

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12
Q

Transmit sensory impulses from sensory receptors to CNS

A

Sensory (afferent) neuron

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13
Q

Transmit impulses from CNS to a muscle or gland

-somatic and autonomic motor neurons

A

Motor [efferent] neurons

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14
Q

Transmit impulses w/in CNS and btw sensory and motor neurons

Majority of neurons

A

Interneurons

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15
Q

Innervate skeletal muscles

A

Somatic

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16
Q

Innervate glands, cardiac, smooth muscle

Divided into parasympathetic/sympathetic neurons

A

Autonomic motor neurons

17
Q

Most common morphilogical type

Have single axon and multiple dendrites

A

Multipolar neurons

18
Q

Have 2 processes one at each end of the spindle-shaped neuron

Found in asso. Of special senses such as olfactory and visual

A

Bipolar neuron

19
Q

Have a single process from cell body that bifurcated into a central and peripheral process

Found in ganglia spinal cord [dorsal root ganglia]

A

Pseudounipolar neuron

20
Q

Neurons w/ long axons which leave the grey matter of which theyre a part

A

Golgi I neuron

21
Q

Neurons w/ short axons which ramify through the gray matter

A

Golgi II neuron

22
Q

Bundle of axons [fibers] in the PNS

A

Nerve

23
Q

Bundle of axons [fibers] in the CNS

A

Tract

24
Q

Aggregation of cell bodies and dendrites in the PNS

A

Ganglion

25
Q

Aggregation of cell bodies and dendrites in the CNS

A

Nucleus

26
Q

Thick fibrous coat

Covers entire nerve

Supplied by blood and lymphatic vessels

Type I collagen and fibroblasts

A

Epineurium

27
Q

Dense CT
Covers bundles of axons [fascicles] w/in one nerve;
Epithelial-like fibroblasts on inner surface are joined by tight junctions:
Zonulae occludens, provide permeability barrier, this layer has to rejoined in microsurgery for limb reattachment.
-blood nerve barrier-endothelial cells of vessels are linked by tight junctions

A

Perineurium

28
Q

Thin layer of reticular CT

Surrounds individual fibers and schwann cells

Type III collagen

A

Endoneurium

29
Q

Receptors;

Ion channels

A

Membrane specializations

30
Q

Ion channels on membrane of neuron [4]

A

Ligand gated on dendrite/cell bodies

K+ channels on axon

Voltage-gated Na+ channels on axon

Voltage-gated Ca++ channels on axon

31
Q 
Synaptic vesicles
Vesicular docking proteins and synapsin filaments;
Dense bodies 
Mito. 
Voltage-gated Ca+ channels
A

Presynaptic membrane

32
Q

Receptors

Ligand-gated ion channels

A

Postsynaptic membrane

33
Q

Cell body toward distal end of axon -transport

A

Anterograde

34
Q

Axon towards cell body-transport

A

Retrograde

35
Q

Kinesin direction transport

A

Towards distal end of axon- anterograde

36
Q

Dyenein transport direction

A

Towards cell body- retrograde

37
Q

CArries endocytosis materials and recycled proteins

Rate of transport-100-300 mm/day:

A

Dyenein- retrograde

38
Q 
Slow rate of transport. 
Only in anterograde transport; 
Two systems: 
-Slow component A (SCa)- microtubuels and neurofilaments
-SCb- enzymes actin, clathrin
A

Kinesin anterograde

39
Q

Describe axonal transport

A

Anterograde transport of a vesicle that has came from axon golgi along a miscrotubule is mediated by kinesin.
Retrograde transport of a vesicle along microtubule is mediated by dynein

Histology (13 decks)

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