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Histology > [1] Lecture 4-6 > Flashcards

[1] Lecture 4-6 Flashcards

1
Q

General characteristics epithelial tissues:

A

Relative geometric shape, cells tightly bound together, little intercellular matrix, free surfaces, EXHIBIT POALRITY, DERIVED FROM endo/ecto/mesoderm, Sit on top of a basement membrane, line body cavities and surfaces, form glands, innervated.

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2
Q

Classification of epithelium:

A

Simple vs. stratified
Squamous vs. cuboidal vs. columnar
Cilia vs. stereocilia vs. microvili
Keratinized vs non-keratinized

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3
Q

Characterize Apical membrane of epithelial cells:

A

Surface of the cell In contact w/ a lumen, modifications such as cillia or microvilli

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4
Q

Basolateral membrane:

A

Cells locked together by intercellular junctions

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5
Q

Specializations that occur on apical surface

A

Microvilli: used in brush border, actin contains microfilaments
Cilia: microtubules doublets
Stereocilia: different version of microvili

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6
Q

Simple Squamous

A

Ducts/ glands lining, vessels, tubular structures, alveoli, bowman’s capsule, inner labrinyth, tympanic membrane

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7
Q

Simple cuboidal

A

Kidney tubules, ovary surface, retina epithelium, glands/ ducts, terminal bronchioles, choroid plexus, anterior capsule-eye

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8
Q

Simple columnar

A

Absorption-upper resp, uterine tubes, parasinus spinal cord (w/ cilia). W/o cilia, GI tract, GB, excretory glands.

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9
Q

Stratified squamous

A

Epidermis, cornea (keratinized). NOn-keratinized in esophagus, vagina, linking of mouth, epiglottis

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10
Q

Stratified cuboidal

A

Rare…anal mucosa, large excrtory ducts, and part of epiglottis

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11
Q

Stratified columnar

A

Rare; ducts of sweat glands, fornix of conjunctiva of eye, PARTS OF MALE REPRODUCTIVE, gu, pharynx, epiglottis

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12
Q

Pseudostratified epi

A

Ciliated in trachea. Stereocilia epididymis

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13
Q

Transitional epi

A

GU- also called urothelium

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14
Q

General functions of epithelial tissues

A

Protection. Maintain [ ] difference. Secretion/absorption.

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15
Q

Structure of microvillus

A

Finger like projections of apical membranesupported by cross-linked actin microfilaments. Actin filament core extends to terminal web. Distal end capped by FORMIN-regulates assembly of actin filaments. Cross-linked w/ villin and fimbrin.

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16
Q

Function of brush border

A

Sodium and water absorption and folded to increase SA

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17
Q

Structure of cilium

A

9+2 arrangement- 9 peripheral doublets and central pair of microtubules.each doublet has alpha and beta tubule…alpha is slightly larger. Alpha has dynein arms projecting to beta unit

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18
Q

2 components of basement membrane:

A

Basal lamina; derived from epithlium

Reticular lamina: derived from connective tissue type III collagen

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19
Q

Type of collagen asso. W/ basal lamina

A

Type IV collagen

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20
Q

Components of basal lamina:

A

LAMININ, fibronectin, type IV collagen, enactin, proteoglycans.

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21
Q

Major component of lamina:

A

Laminin- 3 chains: alpha, beta, gamma. This has binding sites for integrin, type IV collagen, enactin, and proteoglycans

22
Q

Fibronectin characteristics and binding:

A

Made of 2 polypeptide chains cross-linked disulfide bonds. There is cellular and plasma fibronectin. Can bind w. Heparin, integrins, collagen, fibrin.

23
Q

Differ btw Ca++ dependent and independent CAMs

A

Dependent: Cadherins &selectins
Independent:integrins & immunoglobulin super family molecules.

24
Q

Most common type of cadherin also asso. W. Invasive behavior of tumor cells?

A

E - cadherins

25
Q

3 classes of cadherins & location:

A

E-cadherins=epithelial
N-cadherin=nerve cells
P-cadherin= placenta

26
Q

Why are selectins termed lectins?

A

Since they bind to carbohydrates, they’re lectins

27
Q

Function of selectins:

A

Involved in movement of leukocytes from blood to tissues (extravasation)

28
Q

Major functions of integrins:

A

Cell-extracellular matrix interactions. Bind to molecules in the extracellular such as fibronectin and laminin. Interacts w/ RGD Arg- Gly-Asp sequence in fibronectin and laminin. DUAL FUNCTION BIND TO EXTRACELLULAR MATRIX AND INTERNAL CYTOSKELTON

29
Q

3 categories of junctional complexes:

A

Adherens: anchor cells together and reinforces integrity of tissue.
Occludens: impermeable barrier btw adjacent cells, preventing paracellular transport, [ ] gradient
Gap junctions: Enable cells to rapidly exchange ions and small molecules for life coordination
Both interact w/ actin

30
Q

Zonula:

A

Belt-like-all the way around circumference of cell—adherens (desmogleins)or occludens

31
Q

Macula:

A

“Spot” adherens-also called desmosomes

32
Q

Hemidesmosome structure:

A

Anchoring junctions to basal domain of epithelial cell to basal lamina. Consisting of cytoplasmic plate asso. W/ IF (keratin), a membrane plaque linking to basal lamina, and integrins.

33
Q

Structure and function of zonula occludens

A

Tight junction; provides barrier against paracellular transport pathway- Claudins and occludins are transmembrane proteins asso. W/ this function.

34
Q

Pemphigus foliaceus relationship to junctional complex components:

A

Desmoglein 1- zonula complex cadherin protein that has auto antibody mediated blistering disease attack it which causes a loss of adhesion of keratinocytes in the superficial layers of the epidermis.

35
Q

Structure of gap junction and differ connexons vs connexins:

A

Composed of connexons: each containing 6 connexins forming hexagonal struture w/ hollow center. Clustered in patches.

36
Q

Singer and Nicholson fluid mosaic cell membrane:

A

1972-phospholipid bilayer forming thin oily fluid comprised of membrane and integral proteins. Cholesterol is also in bilayer

37
Q

Membrane proteins

A

Asso. W. Membrane through protein-protein interaction typically involving ionic bonds that can easily be dissociated from membrane

38
Q

Integral proteins:

A

Inserted into membrane and can only be dissociated by reagents that disrupt hydrophobic interactions.

39
Q

What phospholipid classes are in outer leaflet

A

Cholesterol, phosphatidyl choline, sphingomyelin, glycolipids, glycosylphosphatidyl inositol

40
Q

What phospholipids are found in inner leaflet?

A

Cholesterol, phosphatidyl ethanolamine, phosphatidyl serine, phosphatidyl inositol

41
Q

Functions glycolipids on membrane?

A

Carbohydrate facing outwards…creates a new coat involved in cell-to cell interactions and conveys antigenicity

42
Q

Describe lipid rafts

A

Small patches of cholesterol, sphingolipids. Function: compartmentalize cellular processes; assembling signaling molecules, membrane fluidity/protein trafficking, regulating neurotransmission/ receptor trafficking

43
Q

Glycocalyx

A

Carb coat on extracellular of cell composed of glycolipids and glycoproteins.

44
Q

Functions of glycocalyx:

A

Protects cell from ionic and mechanical stress & serve as barrier against micro organisms, involved in cell to cell interactions.

45
Q

Membrane proteins =

A

Peripheral proteins

46
Q

Integral proteins must have

A

Hydrophobic core for insertion into membrane, most pass through both layers.

47
Q

Peripheral proteins:

A

Can be attached to membrane by GPI. Found either outer or inner leaflet.

48
Q

MEchanisms for moving materials across cell membranes:

A

Diffusion, osmosis, facilitated diffusion (Req’s transporter), active transport[req’s energy and transporter against gradient].
All others go w. Gradient

49
Q

Unitransporter

A

Carrier single molecule or ion unidirectionally

50
Q

Symporters

A

Co-transporter, carries 2 molecules simultaneously in same direction

51
Q

Antiporters

A

Co-transporter, carries 2 molecules simultaneously in different direction

Histology (13 decks)

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