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Histology > [2] Lecture 12: Bone And Cartilage > Flashcards

[2] Lecture 12: Bone And Cartilage Flashcards

1
Q

3 major types of cartilage:

A

Hyaline
Elastic
Fibrocartilage

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2
Q

How is cartilage types discerned?

A

Based on their matrix

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3
Q

What type of collagen is present in cartilage extracellular matrix?

A

Type II collagen

EXCEPT: fibrocartilage possesses type I collagen

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4
Q 
Most common cartilage
Contains type II collagen
Surrounded by perichondrium 
Chondrocytes found in groups
Appositional and interstitial growth
A

Hyaline cartilage

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5
Q

Where is hyaline cartilage located..examples:

A 
External auditory meatus 
Larynx
Tracheal cartilages 
Bronchial cartilages
Fetal long bones
Articular ends of bones
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6
Q 
Type II collagen 
Surrounded by perichondrium 
Yellow color d/t elastic fibers
Chondrocytes mostly located singly
More flexible..
A

Elastic cartilage

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7
Q

Where is elastic cartilage located..ex:

A

Auricle (pinna) of the ear

Epiglottis

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8
Q 
Increased collagen in matrix
Type I collagen
No perichondrium 
Fibrous texture
Single sparse linear Chondrocytes
A

Fibrocartilage

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9
Q

Where is fibrocartilage found…ex:

A

Intervertebral discs
Pubic symphysis
Insertion of some tendons/ ligaments
Asso. W/ dense CT or hyaline cart.

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10
Q

Why is fibrocartilage no considered a cartilage by some>?

A

No perichondrium

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11
Q

Cells in cartilage:

A

Chondroblasts

Chondrocytes

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12
Q

Components of cartilage extracellular matrix (ECM):

A
  • Collagen fibers (II-hyaline and elastic/// I for fibrocartilage)
  • Amorphous ground substance
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13
Q

Lay down cartilage matrix and become Chondrocytes

A

Chondroblasts

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14
Q

Maintain cartilage matrix

A

Chondrocytes

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15
Q

Pockets w/in the matrix where the chondroblasts and Chondrocytes are found

A

Lacunae

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16
Q

Layers of perichondrium:

A

Outer fibrous layer [contains fibroblasts]

Inner chondrogenic layer [chondroblasts become chondrocytes]

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17
Q

groups of 2-8 Chondrocytes occupying the same lacunae as a result of mitotic division

A

Isogenous groups- these separate as they lay down matrix of their own

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18
Q

Composed of high glycosaminoglycan content but low collagen content

Surrounds each chondrocyte

A

Territorial matrix

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19
Q

Low glycosaminoglycan content but high collagen content

Surrounds territorial matrix

A

Inner-territorial matrix

20
Q

This is circumscribed by moderately stained territorial matrix and less intensely stained interterritorial matrix

A

Pericellular matrix

21
Q

Bone while developing and during repair

Produced rapidly, haphazard collagen foundation, less structural integrity

A

Woven bone

22
Q

How do bones grow?

A

Appositional growth of a hyaline cartilage model.

23
Q

Matrix of bone components:

A

Osteoid-organic

Hydroxyapatite-inorganic

24
Q

How is bone classified?

A

Arrangement of the matrix

25
Q

3D lattice of branching, bony spicules intertwined to form trabecular surrounding the bone marrow spaces in the long bones and flat bones.

A

Spongy bone

OR: trabecular / cancellous

26
Q

Lacks cavities and forms a dense plate on the outside of long bones

A

Compact or lamellar bone

27
Q

Describe Osteon/canaliculi system

A

Osteocytes are found between lamellae in lacunae. They’re connected to each other and Haversian canal via canaliculi this forms Osteon

28
Q

Secretes bone matrix, collagen and catalyzes mineralization

A

Osteoblast

29
Q

Maintains bone matrix and helps to control calcium and phosphate levels in matrix
Derived from osteoblasts-trapped in matrix they secrete

A

Osteocyte

30
Q

Remodels bone through bone resorption-microfractures and such

A

Osteoclast

31
Q

Stem cells which in the adult are described as bone lining cells.
In adult, found in inner portion of the periosteum, endosteum, and lining vascular canals of compact bone.
-derived from mesenchyme of the embryonic Somite [sclerotome]

A

Osteoprogenitor cells

32
Q

Derived from osteoprogenitor cells

And gives rise to osteocytes

Regulates expression of osteocalcin

A

Osteoblasts

33
Q

Derived from monocytes lineage- which is derived from the monocyte precursors in Bone marrow

A

Osteoclast

34
Q

What does ARF stand for?

A

Activation-resorption-reversal-formation

Active during adult remodeling and during development

35
Q

Primary regulator of bone turnover

A

Parathyroid hormone

36
Q

At low PTH levels,

A

Bone formation by osteoblasts is stimulated

37
Q

At high PTH levels,

A

Osteoblasts are stimulated to release osteoclast-differentiation factors

38
Q

What stimulates the differentiation of monocyte precursors to for osteoclasts?

A

PTH, also forms ruffled borders on osteoclasts

39
Q

What would elevated PTH levels cause?

A

Eroded bone and fibrosis of the resulting spaces (osteitis fibrosa)

40
Q

Steps of osteoblasts regulating osteoclasts

A

1-PTH binds to receptors on the osteoblast
2-Osteoblast is stimulated to synthesize M-CSF and RANKL
3-osteoblast releases M-CSF
4-M-CSF binds to the M-CSF receptor on the monocyte that just happened to be close.
5-Monocyte is now macrophage and expresses RANK
6-RANK binds to RANKL-coupling osteoblast and macrophage
7-Macrophage becomes a multinucelated immature osteoclast

41
Q

Secretes osteoprotegerin

A

Osteoblast

42
Q

What blocks RANKL site from macrophages to prevent formation of more osteoclasts?

A

Osteoprotegerin occupies RANKL when there is NO PTH present

43
Q

PTH blocks X the synthesis of what in osteoblasts?

A

Osteoprotegerin

44
Q

Acts to reduce bone resorption

A

Calcitonin

45
Q

2 major products secreted by osteoclasts:

A

Cathepsin K

H+ Cl- ions

46
Q

A lysosomal protease involved in bone remodeling and resorption that can catabolism elastin, collagen, and gelatin [organic matrix]

A

Cathepsin K

47
Q

secreted by osteoclast to Dissolves the inorganic matrix

A

H+Cl- ions

Histology (13 decks)

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