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Histology > [2] Lecture 16 Skeletal Muscle Tissue > Flashcards

[2] Lecture 16 Skeletal Muscle Tissue Flashcards

1
Q

3 types of muscle tissue:

A

Skeletal
Smooth (involuntary)
Cardiac

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2
Q 
Multinucleated syncytium
Myotube matures into myocyte
Peripheral nuclei 
Sarcomeric arrangement
Each fiber innervated via a single motor axon 
Contraction is 'all or none'
TROPONIN C
50-60 micron diameter myocyte
A

Skeletal muscle characterics

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3
Q

Skeletal muscle cells[fibers] are formed by hundreds of individual mononucleated myoblasts join end to end when?

A

During embryonic development

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4
Q

Myotube matures into the cylindrical ________ w/ hundreds of nuclei

A

Myocyte

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5
Q

Notable feature in photomicrographs of skeletal muscle?

A

Cross-banding

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6
Q

Skeletal Muscle primarily used for oxidative phosphorylation

A

Type I

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7
Q

Skeletal Muscle type used for aerobic and anaerobic respiration for ATP

A

Type IIA

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8
Q

Skeletal Muscle used for anaerobic respiration

A

Type IIB

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9
Q

Skeletal muscle w/:
Intense staining for oxidative enzymes
Rich in NADH transferase, myoglobin,
Possess MANY mitochondria

A

Type I

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10
Q

SKeletal muscle intermediate staining for oxdative enzymes

A

Type IIA

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11
Q

Skeletal muscle w/ light staining for oxidative enzymes

A

Type IIB

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12
Q

Skeletal muscle that produces slow and continuous contractions

Referred to as dark or red fibers

A

Type I

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13
Q

Skeletal muscle that contracts more rapidly than Type I fibers
Resistance to fatigue

A

Type IIA

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14
Q

Skeletal muscle that contracts more rapidly Type I or Type IIA myofibers

Rich in ATPase

Fatigue quickly

Referred to as white or light fibers

A

Type IIB

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15
Q

Using a NAD stain (looks for oxidative phosphorylation) which type of fiber would stain darker? Type I or type II?

A

Type I will stain darker than type II myofiber skeletal muscle

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16
Q

Mononucleated cells
No sarcomeric arrangement
Do not respond to ‘all or none’
Cells connected via gap junctions

A

Smooth muscle

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17
Q 
Mononucleated cells 
Centrally positioned nuclei 
Cells often branched 
Sarcomeric arrangement
Cells communicate via gap junctions: intercalated discs
Cells not directly innervated
A

Cardiac muscle

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18
Q

A muscle is composed of many:

A

Fascicles

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19
Q

A bundle of myofibers

A

Fascicle

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20
Q

A bundle of myofibrils

A

Myofiber

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21
Q

Linear array of sarcomeres

A

Myofibril

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22
Q

Made up of filaments:
Thick-myosin
Thin-actin

A

Sarcomere

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23
Q

A muscle is covered by a CT sheet call the

A

Epimysium

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24
Q

A fascicle is surrounded by a CT sheet called:

A

Permysium

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25
Q

__________ consists of fibroblasts and type I collagen fibers

A

Perimysium

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26
Q

A muscle cell and is surrounded by a cell membrane

A

Myofiber

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27
Q

Cell membrane that surrounds a myofiber (muscle cell)

A

Sarcolemma

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28
Q

Covers the muscle fiber, including the sarcolemma

A

Endomysium

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29
Q

consists of basal lamina and reticular collagen fibers

A

Endomysium

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30
Q

Secreted by muscle cells

anchors muscle fibers to each other

Helps to distribute the force of contraction

A

Basal lamina

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31
Q

Skeletal muscle T tubule

A

Invagination of the sarcolemma

32
Q

Sarcomeres separate from each other by transverse disks or bands called:

A

Z bands/disks

33
Q

Which band consists of thick filaments (myosin)

A

A band

34
Q

Portion of the actin filaments not w/in the myosin bundle form which band?

A

I band

35
Q

Consists of only thick (myosin) filaments

A

H band

36
Q

Located in the the middle of the A band

A

H band

37
Q

2 bands that disappear during contraction:

A

H and I

H can actually disappear

38
Q

Which band doesnt change during contraction:

A

A band

39
Q

Hydrolysis of creatine __________ is catalyzed by ___________ in a reversible reaction generating creatine and ATP

A

Phosphate; creatine kinase

40
Q

Dimeric protein w/ long tails and 2 heads @ one end

A

Myosin

41
Q

Myosin has 3 binding regions:

A

Actin-binding
ATP-binding
Light-chain binding

42
Q

Similar to calmodulin; but have lost the ability to bind Ca++

Essential and regulatory

A

2 pairs of light chains on myosin

43
Q

Thought to contribute to stability of myosin head

A

Essential light chains of myosin

44
Q

Req’d to maintain the stability of myosin II;

sites for phosphate binding

A

Regulatory light chains of myosin

45
Q

Where can myosin bind ATP? Where can it not?

A

Heads are the binding domains

Self-assembly region cant bind it is only tails.

46
Q

Polymer of G actin

Each actin filament consists of 2 polymers wound in an alpha-helix configuration

Plus end inserts on Z disk

A

F actin

47
Q

Actin-asso. Molecules (2)

A

Troponin

Tropomyosin

48
Q

Sits in the groove btw 2 actin strands of an actin filament

Spans 7 actin monomers

A

Tropomyosin

49
Q

Troponin complex is comprised of 3 molecules:

A

Troponin I
Troponin C
Troponin T

50
Q

Inhibits binding btw actin and myosin

A

Troponin I

51
Q

Binds Ca+ ions in keletal muscle

A

Toponin C

52
Q

Binds to tropomyosin

Pulls tropomyosin away from binding site; allowing heads to attach

A

Troponin T

53
Q

Difference w/ T tubules in cardiac and skeletal tissue

A

Cardiac T tubule is located on Z line

Skeletal is located at the A-I junction

54
Q

Heat-shock protein that protects desk in from mechanical stress

A

Aß-crystallin

55
Q

One of the proteins that links the alpha-actinin/desmin complex to cytoplasmic side of sarcolemma

Anchors actin to the sarcolemma

Reinforces sarcolemma during muscle contraction

A

Dystrophin

56
Q

Links dystrophin (intracellular) to laminin-2 (extracellular)

A

Dystroglycan complex

57
Q

Attaches thin filaments to the Z line

A

Alpha-actinin

58
Q

Extends from Z disc to end of actin filament

Serves as template to regulate length of actin filament

A

Nebulin

59
Q

Large fibrous protein

Extends from Z-disk to middle of H-band and connects ends of thick filaments to Z-line for tension and maintain centered Myosin.

Provides myosin w/ elasticity

Centers thick filaments in the sarcomere

A

Titian

60
Q

Framework of desmin filaments which surrounds the Z line and extends into each sarcomere

Links myofibrils laterally and to the sarcolemma

Facilitates coordinated contraction

A

Desmin intermediate filaments

61
Q

Binds desmin filaments to each other

A

Plectin

62
Q

Where desmin inserts on sarcolemma

A

Costameres

63
Q

Links actin filaments to transmembrane proteins of muscle cell plasma membranes

A calponin

Transmembrane proteins link to ECM which helps maintain cell stability during muscle contraction

A

Dystrophin

64
Q

X-linked inherited disease resulting in progressive degeneration of skeletal muscle
Dystrophin is either absent or abnormal in patients

A

Muscular dystrophy

65
Q

Attach to myotube before basal lamina is laid down

Generally quiescent

Function as stem cells

Can become mitotic in times of stress: C-met receptor, HGF

Give rise to myogenic precursor cells

A

Satellite cells

66
Q

Satellite cell receptor is binding site for hepatic growth factor

A

C-met receptor

And HGF bind together to bring satellite out of hibernation.

67
Q

Replace damaged muscle by proliferating, fusing, and differentiating into skeletal muscle fibers

A

Satellite cells can rise to myogenic precursor cells

68
Q

Considered reserve cells [stem cells] in muscle

A

Satellite cells

69
Q

Stain for satellite cells

A

CD56 stains perinuclear regions but doesnt stain myocytes

70
Q

Growth asso w/ satellite cells :

A

Increase size/diameter not in number of cells

71
Q

Contains:

Extra/intrafusal fibers, alpha motor neurons, gamma motor fibers, and primary and secondary afferent fibers

A

Neuromuscular spindle

72
Q

Nuclear bag region is sensory region

Nuclear bag and nuclear chain fibers

Contain actin/myosin contractile units

A

Intrafusal fibers

73
Q

Supply extrafusal fibers in neuromuscular spindle

A

Alpha motor neurons

74
Q

Supplies intrafusal fibers

About 30%

A

Gamma motor fibers

75
Q

Important in coordinating a smooth contraction by communicating w/ CNS brain centers and spinal cord.

Also helps to maintain muscle tone

Ex: reflexes

A

Neuromuscular spindle….this is by way of the alpha and gamma motor fibers

Histology (13 decks)

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