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pharma b.dam > 2. Intravenous anesthetics. Neurolept analgesia. Perioperative medication .3. Benzodiazepines > Flashcards

2. Intravenous anesthetics. Neurolept analgesia. Perioperative medication .3. Benzodiazepines Flashcards

1
Q

Intravenous anesthetics

A 
Propofol 
Etomidate 
Ketamine 
Barbiturates
Benzodiazepines
Opioids
α2 adrenergic agonists
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2
Q

Propofol

A 
sedative / hypnotic (no analgesia) 
for: induction and maintenance 
acts on GABAA receptors 
fast onset 
liver metabolism 
short half life 
antiemetic 
AE: Vasodilation, can have excitatory phenomena, pain at site of injection
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3
Q

Etomidate

A

hypnotic (no analgesia)
induction due to rapid onset and short duration
Cardiovascular stability
AE: myoclonic movements

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4
Q

Ketamine

A 
NMDA antagonist (PCP site) 
Anesthetic and analgesic! 
“dissociative anesthesia” 
increases sympathetic activity 
good for hypovolemic / cardiogenic shock patients 
clinical indication: strok, hypertension 
No muscle relaxation effect 
AE: risk of convulsions
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5
Q

Barbiturates for intravenous anesthesia

A

Thiopental

Methohexital

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6
Q

Benzodiazepines for intravenous anesthesia

A

Midazolam
Lorazepam
Diazepam

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7
Q

Opioids for intravenous anesthesia

A

Analgesic | choice based on duration
IV / Intrathecal injection
AE: hypotension, respiratory depression, muscle rigidity opioid “hangover” - nausea and vomiting
suffix - entanil

druges ...
Fentanyl
Alfentanil
Remifentanil
Sufentanil
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8
Q

α2 adrenergic agonists for intravenous anesthesia

A

Clonidine

Dexmedetomidin

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9
Q

dissociative anesthesia

A

characterized by catalepsy, catatonia, analgesia, and amnesia

not always involve loss of consciousness so it is not a state of general anesthesia

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10
Q

Fentanyl

A

longest duration than other opiod

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11
Q

Naloxone

A

antagonize opioids effect

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12
Q

Dexmedetomidin

A

α2 adrenergic agonists

Sedative (without respiratory depression), analgesic, sympatholytic, anxiolytic effects

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13
Q

Benzodiazepines

A

lipophilic
act on GABA.A

druges ..
Midazolam 
Triazolam 
Lorazepam 
Oxazepam 
Alprazolam 
Nitrazepam 
Chlordiazepoxide 
Diazepam 
Flurazepam 
Clonazepam 
Temazepam
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14
Q

very short acting Benzodiazepines

A

Midazolam

Triazolam

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15
Q

short acting Benzodiazepines

A

Lorazepam

Oxazepam

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16
Q

medium acting Benzodiazepines

A

Alprazolam

Nitrazepam

17
Q

long acting Benzodiazepines

A

Chlordiazepoxide
Diazepam
Flurazepam

18
Q

Midazolam

A

Hypnotic, induction of general anesthesia (retrograde amnesia)

19
Q

Triazolam

A

Hypnotic

for difficulties falling asleep

20
Q

Lorazepam

A

Anxiolytic, Hypnotic, Antiepileptic , induction of general anesthesia (retrograde amnesia)

21
Q

Oxazepam

A

Anxiolytic

dont have active metabolite

22
Q

Alprazolam

A

Anxiolytic, used in Panic attack and mental depression as well

23
Q

Nitrazepam

A

Hypnotics

24
Q

Chlordiazepoxide

A

Anxiolytic

25
Q

Diazepam

A

Centrally muscle relaxant, Antiepileptic, premedication before general anesthesia

26
Q

Flurazepam

A

Hypnotic

27
Q

Clonazepam

A

prolonged treatment of anxiety disorders, panic, Antiepileptic (adjunctive therapy)
First line drug in absence seizure and Lennox-Gastaut syndrome
disadvantageous Sedation and tolerance

28
Q

Temazepam

A

intermediate acting

for patients experiencing frequent wakening

29
Q

Flumazenil

A

not benzodiazepine used as an antidot for BZN
GABA receptor antagonist
IV only

30
Q

Anxiolytic Benzodiazepines

A

Chlordiazepoxide
Oxazepam
Clonazepam
Alprazolam

31
Q

hypnotic Benzodiazepines

A 
Nitrazepam 
Flurazepam 
Midazolam 
Triazolam 
Lorazepam
32
Q

Benzodiazepines for panic attaks & mental depression

A

Alprazolam

Clonazepam

33
Q

Benzodiazepines for centrally acting skelatal muscel relaxants

A

Diazepam

34
Q

antiepileptic Benzodiazepines

A

Diazepam
Lorazepam
Clonazepam

35
Q

premedication before general anesthesia

A

Diazepam

36
Q

induction of general anesthesia

A

Midazolam

lorazepam

37
Q

metabolizem of bezodiazepinse

A

3 types
diazepam type - active metabolite withe long half life
triazolam type - active metabolite with short half life
oxazepam type no active metabolite

pharma b.dam (12 decks)

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