12. Drugs used for treatment of neurodegenerative disorders. Nootropic drugs

Question 1

neurodegenerative disorders

Answer 1

Parkinson’s disease
Alzheimer’s disease
multiple sclerosis
amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS)
Wilson’s disease
dementias
Huntington disease

Question 2

drugs for Parkinson’s disease

Answer 2

Dopamine precursors
Dopamine receptor agonists 
Dopamine turnover enhancer
MAO inhibitors
COMT inhibitors
Antimuscarinic agents

Question 3

drugs for Alzheimer’s disease

Answer 3

Centrally acting acetylcholinesterase inhibitors
NMDA receptor antagonists
Antioxidants

Question 4

drugs for multiple sclerosis

Answer 4

Interferon β1a and β1b

Question 5

drugs for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS)

Answer 5

Riluzole

Question 6

drugs for Wilson’s disease

Answer 6

Penicillamine

Question 7

drugs for dementias

Answer 7

Nootropic drugs
Antioxidants
Calcium antagonists
NSAIDs 
Estrogens

Question 8

drugs for Huntington disease

Answer 8

Tetrabenazine

Question 9

Dopamine precursors

Answer 9

Levodopa

Question 10

Levodopa

Answer 10

Good Gi absorption & goes threw BBB

AE: GI + cardiovascular, in CNS: mood, hallucinations and movement.

Question 11

Carbidopa

Answer 11

Given with levodopa

peripheral DOPA decarboxylase inhibitor

Question 12

Pyridoxine

Answer 12

Vit. B6

increases decarboxylase activity

Question 13

MAO inhibitors used in Parkinson

Answer 13

Selegiline

Rasagiline

Question 14

Selegiline

Answer 14

used in Parkinson & depression & Alzheimer’s disease

ireversible MAO-B

Question 15

Rasagiline

Answer 15

used in Parkinson
irreversible and selective inhibitor of brain MAO-B
rasagiline is not metabolized to an amphetamine-like substance

Question 16

COMT inhibitors

Answer 16

selectively and reversibly inhibit COMT
inhibits consumption of levodopa

drugs…
Entacapone
Tolcapone

Question 17

Dopamine receptor agonist

Answer 17

long duration of action
good for patients with fluctuating symptoms

types …
Ergot & Non-ergot derivative

Question 18

Non-ergot derivative

Answer 18

Ropinirole
Pramipexole
Rotigotine
Apomorphine

Question 19

Ergot derivative

Answer 19

has the potential to cause pulmonary and retroperitoneal fibrosis

druges
Bromocriptine
Cabergoline
Pergolid

Question 20

Apomorphine

Answer 20

used in Parkinson
for acute management of the hypomobility “off” phenomenon
given IV

Question 21

Ropinirole

Answer 21

used in Parkinson

given oral

Question 22

Pramipexole & Rotigotine

Answer 22

used in Parkinson

patch

Question 23

Bromocriptine

Answer 23

used in Parkinson
Ergot derivative
has the potential to cause pulmonary and retroperitoneal fibrosis

Question 24

Amantadine

Answer 24

antiviral drug (against influenza)
increasing dopamine release, decreased dopamine uptake, blocking cholinergic receptors and inhibiting the NMDA receptors

Question 25

Antimuscarinic agents

Answer 25

Benztropine Orphenadrine Procyclidine Biperide

Question 26

Dopamine turnover enhancer

Answer 26

Amantadine

Question 27

Biperiden

Answer 27

used in Parkinson & used for nicotine and organophosphate intoxication (by injection)

Question 28

Benztropine

Answer 28

works on M1 receptor in the CNS

Question 29

Centrally acting acetylcholinesterase inhibitors

Answer 29

used in Alzheimer’s disease in cases of mild to moderate ``` drugs... Donepezil Tacrine Rivastigmine Galantamine ```

Question 30

Galantamine

Answer 30

used in Alzheimer’s disease may also augment the action of acetylcholine at nicotinic receptors in the CNS Lipid soluble

Question 31

Rivastigmine

Answer 31

Lipid soluble 9hr DOA for Alzheimer’s disease & dementia

Question 32

NMDA receptor antagonists

Answer 32

used in Alzheimer’s disease in cases of moderate to severe Memantine

Question 33

Antioxidants for Alzheimer’s disease

Answer 33

Selegiline | Ginkgo Biloba

Question 34

Interferon β1a & β1b

Answer 34

Drugs used in multiple sclerosis | action: diminish the inflammatory response

Question 35

Riluzole

Answer 35

used in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis NMDA receptor antagonist + blocking TTX sensitive sodium channels AE: Hepatotoxicity, kidney damage, interstitial lung disease, neutropenia

Question 36

Penicillamine

Answer 36

Cu+ chelator | used in Wilson’s disease

Question 37

Nootropic drugs

Answer 37

``` Piracetam Vinpocetine Nicergoline Pentoxifylline Ginkgo Biloba ```

Question 38

Piracetam Vinpocetine Nicergoline Pentoxifylline

Answer 38

vasodilator

Question 39

Antioxidants for dementias

Answer 39

Vitamin C Vitamin E Flavonoids

Question 40

Calcium antagonists for dementias

Answer 40

Nimodipine

Question 41

Nimodipine

Answer 41

Calcium antagonists for dementias

Question 42

Tetrabenazine

Answer 42

Drugs decreasing the dopaminergic tone | Therapy of Huntington disease