2) Industrial & Post Industrial Development Of Sport (1780-1900)

Question 1

Explain the development of rational recreation

Answer 1

Rational suggests that a level of order,logic and structure began to be applied to sports such as football,reflecting a more ordered industrially based society.

Question 2

What is rational recreation?

Answer 2

19th century,these were sports pastimes for the lower classes which were designed by the middle classes to be well ordered,organised and controlled.

Question 3

What were the negative effects of rationalised sports during the first half of the 19th century

Answer 3

Lack of leisure time 
Lack of income 
Migration of the lower classes into the cities 
A lack of public provision 
Poor health 
Loss of rights

Question 4

How would lack of income effect participation in sport

Answer 4

T

Question 5

Remember HITFOR

Answer 5

H-poor health and hygiene 
I- lack of income 
T- lack of time 
F- Facility provision was lacking 
O- overcrowding and lack of space 
R- Loss of rights

Question 6

Who was Dr. William Penny Brooke’s

Answer 6

The founder of the Wenlock Olympian games in 1850

Question 7

Define the term Urbanisation

Answer 7

Large numbers of people migrating/moving from rural areas into towns and cities,seeking regular work in the factories.

Question 8

4 points to summarise the key features of urbanisation that contributes to the development of sport

Answer 8

Lack of work space
Large working class population
Loss of traditional sports
Change in working conditions

Question 9

How did transport increase participation ?

Answer 9

1. ) development of steam trains increased participation opportunities
2. ) faster trains travel further more easily
3. ) spectators follow their teams on away days,cup competitions etc
4. )field sports,climbing walking became more accessible access to countryside

Question 10

Philanthropists

Answer 10

Kind,generous,middle class individuals who had a social conscience and were keen to try to provide for a better life among the working class.

Question 11

9 characteristics of Rational Recreation

Answer 11

1. ) Played regionally,nationally and internationally
2. ) Respectable (Fair play)
3. ) Regular
4. ) Rule based (codification)
5. ) Gambling controlled
6. ) Impact on religion
7. ) Impact on revolutions
8. ) Purpose built facilities
9. ) Amateurism and professionalism

Question 12

Reasons for formation of NGB’S

Answer 12

• Threats of professionalism/commercialisation
• More clubs forming
• Rules and codification required
• More leagues required
• Diff public schools played different versions of sport- problems when boys moved on
• More fixtures required
• Maintain amateur ideal
• Maintenance of control of sport among the middle and upper class

Question 13

How was the FA formed

Answer 13

Ebenezer Morley, a London solicitor who formed Barnes FC in 1862, could be called the ‘father’ of the association. He wasn’t a public school man but old boys from several public schools joined his club and there were ‘feverish’ disputes about the way the game should be played.

Question 14

Why did some NGB’S try to prevent professionals from competing in their sport?

Answer 14

• Due to desire of the upper class/middle to maintain control of sport
• Preserve amateur ideal in sport
• Maintain exclusively- didn’t want to mix the upper/middle class with the lower class
• Didn’t like losing to the working class (professionals)

Question 15

Amateur defined

Answer 15

A person who plays sport for the love of it and receives no financial gain

Question 16

Professionals defined

Answer 16

A person who plays sport for financial gain

Question 17

Code of amateurism

Answer 17

Based on playing sport to clearly set rules which were put in place by u/c, m/c that formed many NGB’s

Question 18

Bosman ruling

Answer 18

European court of justice made on the 15th December 1995 concerning freedom of movement for workers. An important decision as it allowed freedom of movement of labour in the European Union. Effectively allowed footballers within the EU to move at the end of their contract to another club without a transfer being paid.