2. Evolution pt2

Question 1

List 3 genetic characteristicst

Answer 1

Hair colour
Blood type
Height

Question 2

List 2 environmental characteristics

Answer 2

Primary language

Clothes style

Question 3

List 4 genetic and environmental characteristics

Answer 3

Cancer
Personality
behaviour
Body figure

Question 4

Continuous variation?

Answer 4

Numerical measurements with 2 extremes and a full range of intermediate values between them

Question 5

Give 2 examples of continuous variation?

Answer 5

Height

Lengths of leaves

Question 6

What’s the best way to display continuous variation values?

Answer 6

Line graph

Question 7

Discontinuous variation is also known as…

Answer 7

Categoric variation

Question 8

Discontinuous variation?

Answer 8

Is where there are 2 or more distinct groups with no intermediate values

Question 9

Give 2 examples of Discontinuous variation

Answer 9

Gender

Blood type

Question 10

Which are the 2 best ways to display Discontinuous variation?

Answer 10

On a bar chart or on a pie chart.

Question 11

Why do humans selectively breed plants and animals?

Answer 11

To maximise profits

Question 12

How is selective breeding done 4 steps?

Answer 12

1. Sexual reproduction mixes the genetic characteristics of 2 parents, producing variation amongst the offspring
2. The offspring with the most disable characteristics are selected
3. These animals/plants are then encouraged to breed, in order to pass on their desirable genes
4. Their offsprings are re-selected for those that have acquired the ‘best’ combination of characteristics and the process repeats again

Question 13

What do you call a species that has been part of selective breeding?

Answer 13

A pure breed

Question 14

Give 3 examples of animals or plants that have been selectively breed?

Answer 14

Corn
Chicken
Banana

Question 15

What is the risk of selective breeding?

Answer 15

It reduces natural variation in the species population, of the conditions changed eg. Climate or a new disease, the whole spices could become extinct as it is unable to evolve

Question 16

What’s evolution theory?

Answer 16

All living species today evolved from the first simple life forms billions of years ago

Question 17

Explain Charles Darwin’s theory (4)?

Answer 17

1. In each generation there will be variation amongst the offspring, with differences in their phenotype based upon differences in their genes.
2. As there will be more offsprings produce than the environment will support the organisms which have inherited the most suitable features for the environment (adaptations) are more likely to survive to breed
3. They will pass on there successful genes to the next generation
4. This is called natural selection.

Question 18

Natural selection is commonly summarised as what?

Answer 18

Survival of the fittest

Question 19

When was darwin’s theory published?

Answer 19

1859

Question 20

What was Darwin’s book called?

Answer 20

On the origin of species

Question 21

Give 5 oppositions to Darwin’s theory?

Answer 21

1. Not enough evidence as no-one knew about genes yet.
2. Gaps in the fossil record made it difficult to see the gradual changes in species.
3. Challenge the belief that God created all living things
4. Darwin found it difficult to explain how brand new spices arose from pre-existing ones
5. Natural selection takes a long time and people at the time thought the earth wasn’t old enough for this to work

Question 22

Alfred Russel Wallace theory?

Answer 22

• Was similar to Darwin’s write his book a year before Darwin did.
• Wallace independently proposed the theory of evolution by natural selection
• he published joint writings with Darwin in 1858 which prompted Darwin to publish the origin of species the following year

Question 23

Jean-baptiste Lamarck?

Answer 23

1. Thought that any changes that occur in an organism’s life would be passed to the offspring.
2. This meant that any feature used lots would develop more anything not used would disappear.
3. This was called the inheritance of acquired characteristics

Question 24

Lamarcks theory is commonly known as….

Answer 24

Use it or lose it

Question 25

Who’s theory was acquired characteristics and who’s was inherited characteristics?

Answer 25

Acquired: Lamarck
Inherited: Darwin

Question 26

Give 3 points of evidence for Darwin’s theory?

Answer 26

1. Darwin noted that organisms living on different islands had changed over time based upon the best combination of genes to suit different conditions
2. The fossil record showed species changing over time generally becoming more complex as time went on
3. Studying the DNA of organisms can show how similar or different their genetics are, showing how closely related they are