2: Earth Materials and Processes

Question 1

are formed from mineral grains

Answer 1

Rocks

Question 2

Assembly of ____________ are not random; they are the result of the rock-forming process

Answer 2

mineral grains

Question 3

formed by crystallization; composed of several kinds of minerals

Answer 3

Igneous rocks

Question 4

composed of one kind of mineral

Answer 4

Sedimentary rocks

Question 5

made up of one or more silicate units

Answer 5

Rocks

Question 6

possess a crystalline structure

Answer 6

Minerals

Question 7

Classified according to chemical composition and atomic structure

Answer 7

Minerals

Question 8

structure based on silicate units.

Answer 8

Silicate minerals

Question 9

Sedimentary rocks

Answer 9

clastic, chemical, and biogenic

Question 10

Three types of grains

Answer 10

coarse, medium, and fine

Question 11

Two types of weathering

Answer 11

physical (mechanical disaggregation) and chemical (Chemical decomposition)

Question 12

the process of breaking down

Answer 12

Weathering

Question 13

formed from “clasts”

Answer 13

Clastic rocks

Question 14

formed from the evaporation of water

Answer 14

Chemical

Question 15

contain fragments or fossils

Answer 15

Biogenic

Question 16

Formed from igneous rocks which have undergone mechanical and physical stress

Answer 16

Metamorphic Rocks

Question 17

occurs when the rocks are in their solid state

Answer 17

Metamorphism

Question 18

between igneous and metamorphic is marked by the melting point of the rock

Answer 18

Transition

Question 19

two types of metamorphism

Answer 19

Contact metamorphism
Regional metamorphism

Question 20

broken rock

Answer 20

Erosion

Question 21

movement

Answer 21

Transportation

Question 22

deposited in a new location

Answer 22

Deposition

Question 23

ice, wind, snow, and water (or even gravity alone)

Answer 23

Geomorphic agents

Question 24

Exogenic Process

Answer 24

Erosion
Transportation
Deposition
Geomorphic agents

Question 25

Uses heat from within the earth, Cause earthquakes, metamorphism, volcanic activity, formation of troughs and oceans

Answer 25

Endogenic Process

Question 26

Endogenic Process is also called?

Answer 26

hypogene processes

Question 27

form of wave motion that is transmitted through the surface of the earth

Answer 27

Earthquakes

Question 28

gives rise to oceans, mountains, ridges; called distrophism when it results in building up

Answer 28

Tectonic Movements

Question 29

matter is transported to the surface of the earth and then erupted; magmatic matter is effused to the surface, otherwise they are called intrusives or plutons

Answer 29

Volcanism

Question 30

movement of the continents

Answer 30

Plate Tectonics

Question 31

proposed by Wegener; movement of tectonic plates

Answer 31

Continental Drift Theory

Question 32

The result of forces strong enough to move ocean sediments thousands of meters above sea level; Changes in volume/shape

Answer 32

Deformation

Question 33

bend in the rock in response to compressive forces

Answer 33

Fold

Question 34

caused by internal stresses in the rock that cause fractures

Answer 34

Fault

Question 35

are key indicators of seafloor spreading

Answer 35

Polarity changes

Question 36

seafloor moves away from ridges

Answer 36

Seafloor spreading

Question 37

_________ rises up from fractures, cools on seafloor, causing formation of new seafloor

Answer 37

Basaltic magma

Question 38

able to place events in their proper order, but unable to precisely identify the number of years

Answer 38

Relative dating

Question 39

based on the decay of radioactive elements

Answer 39

Absolute dating