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Body Systems > 2 Body Fluids And Membrane Transport > Flashcards

2 Body Fluids And Membrane Transport Flashcards

1
Q

Body fluid composition

A

42 litres - total body water

25 litres - intracellular fluid

17 litres - extracellular fluid

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2
Q

Extracellular fluid composition

A

Interstitial fluid - 13 litres
Plasma - 3 litres
Transcellular fluid - 1 litre

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3
Q

Blood: how man litres?

Composition?

A

6L
3L plasma
3L water

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4
Q

Where is interstitial fluid found?

A

The interstitium - between cells - it bathes cells

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5
Q

Which parts of phospholipids are charged?

A

The head. Not the tails.

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6
Q

Is the head of a phospholipid hydrophilic or hydrophobic?

A

Hydrophilic

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7
Q

Is the tail of a phospholipid hydrophilic or hydrophobic

A

Hydrophobic

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8
Q

Is the tail or head of the phospholipid on the outer surface of the membrane

A

The head

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9
Q

Name the four types of connective tissue

A

Collagen
Reticular
Elastic
blood and bone

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10
Q

Connective tissues

A

Consist of a few cells and an abundance of extracellular matrix
Include blood and bone

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11
Q

Connective tissues

Job is

A

To support and protect other body tissues

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12
Q

What is a transcellular fluid?

A

Something that has crossed a membrane in its production
E.g. Urine
Cerebrospinal fluid
Sweat
Synovial fluid
Gastrointestinal fluids
They all have specialised important functions

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13
Q

Balance between the ions in the plasma and which fluid are very similar?

A

The ISF (interstitial fluid)

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14
Q

The balance between the which two fluids is virtually opposite

A

ISF and ICF

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15
Q

What is osmolality

A

Attraction to water

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16
Q

True or false: all fluids in the body have the different osmolality

A

False. All the same.

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17
Q

Ions present in the fluids:

A

Na
Cl
K
Proteins

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18
Q

What is the difference between the ICF and the ECF

A

ICF rich in proteins and K

ECF rich in Na and lacking in proteins

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19
Q

4 properties of the plasma membrane

A

Selectively permeable
5nm thick
Contains lots of transport proteins
Vital for regulation of intracellular environment

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20
Q

6 functions of the plasma membrane

A
  • selective transport of molecules
  • enzymatic activity
  • cell recognition
  • cell communication via neurotransmitter and hormone receptors
  • determination of cell shape because linked to cytoskeleton
  • tissue organisation such as cell junctions
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21
Q

Major lipids in the plasma membrane are:

A

Phospholipids and phosphoglycerides

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22
Q

Which type of molecule can move across the plasma membrane without the help of transporter proteins

A

Lipids

Small non polar molecules

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23
Q

Types of transporters:

A

Channels
Carriers
Pumps

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24
Q

Types of carrier proteins

A

Uniport/facilitator
Symport/co-transporter
Antiport/exchanger

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25
Q

Composition of the human

Body

A

60% water (42 litres)
22% lean body mass
18% fat

26
Q

Uniport/facilitator

A

-moves one molecule one way

27
Q

Symport/co-transporter

A

-moves 3 different ions in the same direction (electrically neutral)

28
Q

Antiport/exchanger

A

moves 2 ions opposite ways. Electrically balanced so both ions hold the same charge.

29
Q

What happens in a cell that needs to grow

A

Na+, K+ and Cl- are moved into the cell (as usually the osmolality of the ECF and ICF is the same) and water follows, water is never actively transported

30
Q

which active process moves water in or out of cells

A

none. its always passive osmosis

31
Q

Conc in ICF: K+

A

High

32
Q

Conc in ICF: Na+

A

Low

33
Q

Conc in ICF: Cl-

A

Low

34
Q

Conc in ICF: Ca2+

A

V. Low

35
Q

Conc in ICF: Org-

A

High

36
Q

Conc in ICF: Proteins

A

High

37
Q

Con in ECF: K+

A

Low

38
Q

Conc in ECF: Na+

A

High

39
Q

Con in ECF: Ca2+

A

Low

40
Q

Con in ECF: Cl-

A

High

41
Q

Con in ECF: Org-

A

Low

42
Q

Con in ECF: Proteins

A

Low

43
Q

At rest, what charge does a cell have

A

negative due to the organic matter that cannot move out and the potential difference caused by the movement of K and Na ions

44
Q

What is going on K+ wise in a cell at rest

A

High conc of K inside the cell means K is trickling out through ion channels. it is being pumped back in by K atpase pumps.
There is an equilibrium in the cell caused by the pull of the on gradient out but the pull of the negative interior of the cell on the k+

45
Q

what causes the equilibrium of K+ in cells

A

the negative charge inside the cell pulling it back in and the conc gradient pull out of the cell.

46
Q

osmolality is

A

attraction for water

47
Q

3 qualities of endothelial membranes:

A
  • very thin layer of cells lining blood vessels
  • highly permeable in some organs (glomerulus) and not others (brain)
  • important role in regulation of interstitial fluid
48
Q

Describe the structure of an endothelial membrane

A

constitutes of very thin flat cells that warp around to form the membrane. there can be gaps between the cells depending how leaky/permeable you want the membrane to be

49
Q

how do ions cross endothelial membranes

A

through the gaps (between cells not through them)

50
Q

what is colloid osmotic pressure

A

attraction of proteins for other molecules

51
Q

pressure in the capillary bed: beginning

A
  • proteins can’t move out even though the conc in the blood is high causing a gradient.
  • pressure at the beginning of the capillary bed is high coz of all the proteins so ions and water move out
  • they are taken up by the cells
52
Q

pressure in the capillary bed: end

A

-at the end of the capillary bed the pressure is low and the colloid osmotic pressure is high so the waste products and water move back into the bloodstream

53
Q

epithelia are

A

cells that line structures

-can be layers or one cell thick

54
Q

where are endothelial membranes found

A

blood vessels, kidney, brain

55
Q

where are epithelial membranes found

A

in the gut

56
Q

roles of epithelial membranes

A
  • protection

- allowing things to be absorbed and secreted

57
Q

what forms when ions move across epithelial membranes

A

trans epithelial fluid

58
Q

structure of the epithelial membrane:

A
  • can be one cell thick or layers
  • cells meet at a tight junction which is essentially impermeable
  • ions can’t move across except with a transporter
  • the apical is the inside of the gut, the basolateral membrane is the outside
59
Q

in the gut the basolateral membrane is located on the

A

outside

60
Q

in the gut the apical membrane is located on the

A

inside

61
Q

How does glucose get from the gut lumen to the blood

A
  • a glucose-Na symporter on the apical membrane moves glucose and Na down the conc grad from the food and into the intestine cell
  • glucose then diffuses into the blood through a uniporter in the basolateral membrane
  • Na is pumped out through the Na/K+ atpase pump (exchanger) so the internal environment of the cell is maintained
62
Q

water in the gut

A

Na, K and Cl all move into the gut from the blood and water follows. it then follows the cl- out of the cell through a channel on the apical membrane into the gut lumen and water follows

Body Systems (21 decks)

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