2 Body Fluids And Membrane Transport Flashcards by Kitty Sutherland Dodd

Body fluid composition

42 litres - total body water

25 litres - intracellular fluid

17 litres - extracellular fluid

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Extracellular fluid composition

Interstitial fluid - 13 litres
Plasma - 3 litres
Transcellular fluid - 1 litre

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Blood: how man litres?

Composition?

6L
3L plasma
3L water

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Where is interstitial fluid found?

The interstitium - between cells - it bathes cells

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Which parts of phospholipids are charged?

The head. Not the tails.

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Is the head of a phospholipid hydrophilic or hydrophobic?

Hydrophilic

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Is the tail of a phospholipid hydrophilic or hydrophobic

Hydrophobic

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Is the tail or head of the phospholipid on the outer surface of the membrane

The head

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Name the four types of connective tissue

Collagen
Reticular
Elastic
blood and bone

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Connective tissues

Consist of a few cells and an abundance of extracellular matrix
Include blood and bone

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Connective tissues

Job is

To support and protect other body tissues

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What is a transcellular fluid?

Something that has crossed a membrane in its production
E.g. Urine
Cerebrospinal fluid
Sweat
Synovial fluid
Gastrointestinal fluids
They all have specialised important functions

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Balance between the ions in the plasma and which fluid are very similar?

The ISF (interstitial fluid)

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The balance between the which two fluids is virtually opposite

ISF and ICF

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What is osmolality

Attraction to water

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True or false: all fluids in the body have the different osmolality

False. All the same.

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Ions present in the fluids:

Na
Cl
K
Proteins

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What is the difference between the ICF and the ECF

ICF rich in proteins and K

ECF rich in Na and lacking in proteins

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4 properties of the plasma membrane

Selectively permeable
5nm thick
Contains lots of transport proteins
Vital for regulation of intracellular environment

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6 functions of the plasma membrane

selective transport of molecules
enzymatic activity
cell recognition
cell communication via neurotransmitter and hormone receptors
determination of cell shape because linked to cytoskeleton
tissue organisation such as cell junctions

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Major lipids in the plasma membrane are:

Phospholipids and phosphoglycerides

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Which type of molecule can move across the plasma membrane without the help of transporter proteins

Lipids

Small non polar molecules

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Types of transporters:

Channels
Carriers
Pumps

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Types of carrier proteins

Uniport/facilitator
Symport/co-transporter
Antiport/exchanger

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Composition of the human | Body

60% water (42 litres) 22% lean body mass 18% fat

Uniport/facilitator

-moves one molecule one way

Symport/co-transporter

-moves 3 different ions in the same direction (electrically neutral)

Antiport/exchanger

moves 2 ions opposite ways. Electrically balanced so both ions hold the same charge.

What happens in a cell that needs to grow

Na+, K+ and Cl- are moved into the cell (as usually the osmolality of the ECF and ICF is the same) and water follows, water is never actively transported

which active process moves water in or out of cells

none. its always passive osmosis

Conc in ICF: K+

High

Conc in ICF: Na+

Low

Conc in ICF: Cl-

Low

Conc in ICF: Ca2+

V. Low

Conc in ICF: Org-

High

Conc in ICF: Proteins

High

Con in ECF: K+

Low

Conc in ECF: Na+

High

Con in ECF: Ca2+

Low

Con in ECF: Cl-

High

Con in ECF: Org-

Low

Con in ECF: Proteins

Low

At rest, what charge does a cell have

negative due to the organic matter that cannot move out and the potential difference caused by the movement of K and Na ions

What is going on K+ wise in a cell at rest

High conc of K inside the cell means K is trickling out through ion channels. it is being pumped back in by K atpase pumps. There is an equilibrium in the cell caused by the pull of the on gradient out but the pull of the negative interior of the cell on the k+

what causes the equilibrium of K+ in cells

the negative charge inside the cell pulling it back in and the conc gradient pull out of the cell.

osmolality is

attraction for water

3 qualities of endothelial membranes:

- very thin layer of cells lining blood vessels - highly permeable in some organs (glomerulus) and not others (brain) - important role in regulation of interstitial fluid

Describe the structure of an endothelial membrane

constitutes of very thin flat cells that warp around to form the membrane. there can be gaps between the cells depending how leaky/permeable you want the membrane to be

how do ions cross endothelial membranes

through the gaps (between cells not through them)

what is colloid osmotic pressure

attraction of proteins for other molecules

pressure in the capillary bed: beginning

- proteins can't move out even though the conc in the blood is high causing a gradient. - pressure at the beginning of the capillary bed is high coz of all the proteins so ions and water move out - they are taken up by the cells

pressure in the capillary bed: end

-at the end of the capillary bed the pressure is low and the colloid osmotic pressure is high so the waste products and water move back into the bloodstream

epithelia are

cells that line structures | -can be layers or one cell thick

where are endothelial membranes found

blood vessels, kidney, brain

where are epithelial membranes found

in the gut

roles of epithelial membranes

- protection | - allowing things to be absorbed and secreted

what forms when ions move across epithelial membranes

trans epithelial fluid

structure of the epithelial membrane:

- can be one cell thick or layers - cells meet at a tight junction which is essentially impermeable - ions can't move across except with a transporter - the apical is the inside of the gut, the basolateral membrane is the outside

in the gut the basolateral membrane is located on the

outside

in the gut the apical membrane is located on the

inside

How does glucose get from the gut lumen to the blood

- a glucose-Na symporter on the apical membrane moves glucose and Na down the conc grad from the food and into the intestine cell - glucose then diffuses into the blood through a uniporter in the basolateral membrane - Na is pumped out through the Na/K+ atpase pump (exchanger) so the internal environment of the cell is maintained

water in the gut

Na, K and Cl all move into the gut from the blood and water follows. it then follows the cl- out of the cell through a channel on the apical membrane into the gut lumen and water follows