17 anatomy of the respiratory system Flashcards
What is the mediastinum?
The space between the lungs
What shape are the lungs?
Conical
Where is the apex of the lungs?
On the outside
What are the three surfaces of the apex?
Costal
Mediastinal
Diaphragmatic
Right lung:
- Shorter and wider
- 3 lobes
- 2 fissures
What are the lobes in the right lung called?
- Superior
- Middle
- Inferior
What is the fissure in the right lung?
Oblique
horizontal
Left lung:
- Taller and thinner
- 2 lobes
- 1 fissure
What are the lobes in the left lung called?
- inferior
- superior
What is the fissure in the left lung?
-oblique
What and where is the hilum?
located on the mediastinal surface of the lungs - where blood vessels, bronchi, lymphatics and nerves ENTER the lungs
What are the physical properties of the lungs?
- compliance
- elasticity
What effects lung compliance?
- connective tissue structure of lungs
- level of surfactant
- mobility of thoracic cage
What are the membranes around the lung called?
Parietal and visceral pleura (with pleural cavity imbetween)
What are the functions of the pleura?
- reduce friction in breathing
- creates a pressure gradient which assists in ventilation
- compartmentalises each lung to limit spread of infection
What does the bony thorax consist of?
-Ribs (attached to sternum by cartilage)
-7 true ribs (attach to sternum)
-5 floating
12 thoracic vertabrae
What are the parts of the sternum?
- Manubrium
- Body
- Xiphisternum
What part of the rib attaches to the thoracic vertebrae?
-head and tuberculae
(shaft is the other bit
)
What are the layers of intercostal muscles?
- external
- internal
- innermost
Which way do the internal and intercostal muscles run?
EXTERNAL (point in and down)
Internal (point out and down)
V
A
N
supple the muscles and skin adjacent to pleura
What pierces the diaphragm>
Vena cava
Aorta
Oesophagus
What muscle type is the diaphragm?
Skeletal
Which nerve innovates the diaphragm?
Phrenic
What is the diaphragm attached to?
- Xiphisternum
- 11th and 12th ribs
- lumber vertebrae
- costal margin
What are the other muscles that work on the thoracic cage?
pectoralis major pectoralis minor serratus anterior scalenes sternacleidomastoid
