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SLCL > 2 > Flashcards

2 Flashcards

1
Q

development occurs…

A

Development occurs within a range that can differ from child to child. Not due to age-specific events.

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2
Q

Example of biological development

A

CNS

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3
Q

Define environmental factors of development + example

A

Environmental factors: Balance between parent expectations and developmental limits.

Eg: 2yrs cannot read but language development improves if read to

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4
Q

Define schema

A

Units of knowledge. Increase in number and complexity as the child constructs an understanding of the world.

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5
Q

Innate schemas examples (3)

A

Eg: sucking, grasping, rooting.

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6
Q

Adaptation is (1) involves (2)

A

Intellectual growth occurs by adaptation.

Assimilation: Add information to existing schema

Accommodation: Existing schema is changed to allow new information.

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7
Q

Define Assimilation

A

Assimilation: Add information to existing schema

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8
Q

Define Accommodation

A

Accommodation: Existing schema is changed to allow new information.

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9
Q

The force that advances development (1)

A

Equilibrium: Mental balance. The force that advances development

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10
Q

Define Disequilibrium

A
  • Disequilibrium: Mental unbalance. The force that allows schema to change to return to equilibrium
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11
Q

Name of Piaget’s theory

A

theory of cognitive development

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12
Q

Principles of Theory of cognitive development (4)

A

Same order for every child.

No stage can be missed.

Biological maturation and environmental factors affect the stages

Some never achieve later stages

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13
Q

Stages of Piaget’s theory of cognitive development (4) and ages

A

0-2 Sensorimotor stage
2-7 Preoperational stage
7-11 Concrete operations stage
12+ Formal operations stage

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14
Q

Sensorimotor stage
Age
Headlines (2)

A

Sensorimotor Stage: 0-2

Immediate environment.

- Sensory input
- Motor capabilities

Object constancy and object permeance (Eg: mother).

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15
Q

Preoperational Stage
Age
Headlines (4)

A

Preoperational Stage: 2-7

Manipulate images and symbols
Symbolism in pretend play
Egocentric view of world
No logical organization of thoughts. Eg: Unable to apply principles of conversation.

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16
Q

Concrete Operations Stage
Age
Headlines (5)

A

Concrete Operations Stage: 7-11
Internal problem solving (concrete).
Basic math skills.
Can hold conversation.
Sort items, reverse direction of thinking, 2 concepts simultaneously.
Understand situation from another perspective.

17
Q

Formal Operations Stage
Age
Headlines (5)

A

Formal Operations Stage: 12+
Abstract concepts.
Logically test hypothesis.
Speculate about future.
Theoretical, philosophical and scientific reasoning.
Adolescents reinterpret and revise knowledge base.

18
Q

Sort items, reverse direction of thinking, 2 concepts simultaneously. What age

A

Concrete Operations Stage: 7-11

19
Q

Basic math skills. What age

A

Concrete Operations Stage: 7-11

20
Q

Manipulate images and symbols. What age

A

Preoperational Stage: 2-7

21
Q

Object constancy and object permeance. What age

A

Sensorimotor Stage: 0-2

22
Q

Logically test hypothesis. What age

A

Formal Operations Stage: 12+

23
Q

Theoretical, philosophical and scientific reasoning. What age

A

Formal Operations Stage: 12+

24
Q

Symbolism in pretend play. What age.

A

Preoperational Stage: 2-7

25
Q

Stages of Psychosocial development theory (5) +ages

A 
0-1		Trust vs Mistrust
1-2		Autonomy vs Shame/doubt
2-6		Initiative vs Guilt
6-12		Competence/Industry vs inferiority
12-20	Identity vs Role confusion
26
Q

Trust vs Mistrust. age and Positive outcomes (1)

A

0-1 Trust vs Mistrust
Infants depend on others.

Positive outcomes: Infant will trust if needs are met.

27
Q

Autonomy vs Shame/Doubt. age and Positive outcomes: (2)

A

1-2 Autonomy vs Shame/Doubt

Positive outcomes:

Self control and confidence develop

Encouraged to explore and reassured when mistakes made = Autonomy.

28
Q

Initiative vs Guilt. age and Positive outcomes: (2)

A

2-6 Initiative vs Guilt

Adventure and play while learning to control impulses.

Encouragement and consistent discipline = learn wrong/right

29
Q 
Competence/Industry vs Inferiority 
age (1) 
Factors (2)
Positive outcomes (1)
Negative outcomes (1)
A

6-12 Competence/Industry vs Inferiority

School: social and academic skills.
Peers become key social agent.

Positive outcomes: Pleasure in learning and productivity = sense of competence.

Negative outcomes: Develop feelings of Inferiority

30
Q 
Identity vs Role Confusion
age (1) 
Factors (1)
Positive outcomes (1)
Negative outcomes (1)
A

12-20 Identity vs Role Confusion

Who am I?

Positive outcomes: Strong identity, ready for future

Negative outcomes: Confusion. Unable to make decisions.

31
Q

Ages and stages
0-1

(2) Stages
(4) Features

A

Sensorimotor/TrustMistrust

Learns through sensory and motor experiences.
Learning to control body.
Early object permanence.
Infant depends on caregivers to meet basic needs and respond to sensorimotor communications.

32
Q

Ages and stages
1-2

(2) Stages
(3) Features

A

Sensorimotor/ Autonomy vs Shame/Doubt

Still learn through sensory and motor experiences.
Ability to walk expands sensory world
Learn to explore for themselves. Self-control and Self-confidence develop

33
Q

Ages and stages
2-7

(2) Stages
(6) Features

A

Preoperational / Initiative/Guilt

Prominent language development.

Fantasy/imaginary play

Egocentric view of world.

No formal logic.

Impulse control develops with environment.

Guilt can stem from egocentric view of world.

34
Q

Ages and stages 6-12 years:

(2) Stages
(6) Features

A

Concrete Operations Stage / Competence/Industry vs Inferiority

Logical operations in relation to concrete objects

Able to understand situation for another’s perspective.
School is central part of life.

Peers are key social agent. Compare selves to other children

35
Q

Ages and stages 12-20 years:

(2) Stages
(5) Features

A

Identity vs Role Confusion / Formal Operations Stage

Who am I?
Abstract, theoretical, philosophical and scientific reasoning possible.
Cause and effect speculations occur.
Question, reinterpret and revise knowledge base.
Relies on society and peers to resolve inner conflicts

SLCL (15 decks)

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