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Science > 1st Periodic Test > Flashcards

1st Periodic Test Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

human respiratory is subdivided into two parts which is?

A

upper respiratory tract and lower respiratory tract

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2
Q

Process where exchanges of gasses, particularly oxygen and carbon dioxide, occur.

A

Respiration

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3
Q

gas exchange between blood and cells

A

Internal Respiration

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3
Q

Process that delivers oxygen to where it is needed and removes carbon dioxide

A

Breathing

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4
Q

gas exchange between lungs and blood

A

External Respiration

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5
Q

transport of carbon dioxide and oxygen

A

Transport

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6
Q

Respiratory gasses are obtained and expelled through inhalation and exhalation

A

Breathing

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7
Q

primary entrance of air into the body

A

Nasal Cavity

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8
Q

tube that connects the nasal cavity to the larynx

A

Pharynx/Throat

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9
Q

which traps impurities from the air.

A

Cilia

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10
Q

Parts of the pharynx

A

nasopharynx, oropharynx, laryngopharynx

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11
Q

connects the pharynx and larynx to the lung opening

A

Trachea/windpipe

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12
Q

part of the throat that contains the vocal folds

A

Larynx

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13
Q

branching tubes to the lungs

A

Bronchi

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14
Q

secondary or smaller tubes branching from the bronchi

A

Bronchioles

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15
Q

Actual site of gas exchange, tiny sacs whitin our lungs

A

Alveoli

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16
Q

A dome-shaped muscular structure located between the thoracic and abdominal cavity.

A

Diaphragm

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17
Q

A pair of large, spongy organs where exchange of gases occurs.

A

Lungs

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18
Q

Flow of air during inhalation

A

Nasal cavity» pharynx» larynx» trachea» bronchi» bronchioles» alveoli

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19
Q

msucular insertion in between the ribs forming the chest wall

A

intercostal muscle

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20
Q

breathing in, entrance of oxygen rich into the lungs

A

Inhalation

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21
Q

breathing out, exit of carbon dioxide from the lungs

A

exhalation

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22
Q

viral infection of the nose and throat

A

common colds

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23
Q

Usually caused by rhinoviruses

A

common colds

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24
Q

infection of the alveoli in the lungs, causing it to be filled with pus making it hard to breathe

A

Pneumonia

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25
Q

viral disease that mainly affects the lungs.

A

Tuberculosis

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26
Q

caused by viruses, typically influenza

A

acute

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27
Q

inflammation of the lining of your bronchial tubes; can either be acute or chronic

A

Bronchitis

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28
Q

4 chambers of the heart

A

Right Atrium, Left Atrium, Right Ventricle, left Ventricle

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28
Q

cigarette smoking. Air pollution and dust or toxic gases in the environment

A

chronic

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28
Q

a type of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease where in the alveoli become damaged and stretched

A

Emphysama

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29
Q

The airways become narrow, and swelling is evident. Extra mucus is also produced.

A

asthma

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30
Q

hallow organ that pumps blood all over the body

A

heart

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30
Q

Components of the Circulatory System

A

Heart, Blood, Vessels

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31
Q

connective tissue that carries and transport oxygen

A

blood

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32
Q

network of pathways through which blood travels

A

vessels

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33
Q

heart is enveloped by

A

pericardium

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34
Q

the upper chambers

A

Atria

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35
Q

the lower chambers

A

Ventricle

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36
Q

These are flaps that serve as one-way inlets that prevent blood overflow in the heart.

A

Cardiac valves

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37
Q

4 valves in the heart

A

mitral, tricuspid, pulmonary, and aortic valve

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38
Q

The 3 types of blood vessels are the

A

arteries, veins, and capillaries

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39
Q

the biggest artery.

A

aorta

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40
Q

biggest veins

A

vena cava

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41
Q

blood vessels that transport oxygenated blood away from the heart

A

Arteries

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42
Q

blood vessels that carry deoxygenated blood towards the heart

A

veins

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43
Q

very tiny blood vessels

A

capillaries

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44
Q

blood flow in the heart

A

Vena Cava, Right Atrium, Tricuspid Valve, Right Ventricle, Pulmonary Valve, Pulmonary Arteries, Lungs, Pulmonary Veins, Left Atrium, Mitral Valve, Left Ventricle, Aortic Valve, Aorta, Body

45
Q

is the body’s fluid connective tissue. Its main function is to circulate nutrients, hormones, minerals and other essential components to different parts of the body

A

Blood

46
Q

the fluid part of the blood and is composed of 90% water

A

Plasma

47
Q

also known as erythrocytes, involved in transporting oxygen, nutrients, and other substances to various parts of the body

A

Red Blood Cells

48
Q

also known as leukocytes, function as a body’s defense system

A

White blood cells

49
Q

also known as thrombocytes; help to form clots and stop bleeding

A

Blood platelets

50
Q

occurs when the blood vessels that carry oxygen and nutrients from your heart to the rest of your body (arteries) become thick and stiff

A

Atherosclerosis

51
Q

Enlargement of an artery caused by weakness in the arterial wall

A

Aneurysm

52
Q

sudden interruption in the blood supply of the brain

A

Stroke

53
Q

Abrupt loss of heart function, breathign and consciousness

A

Cardiac arrest

54
Q

caused by the buildup of plaque, a waxy substance, inside the lining of larger coronary arteries restricting blood flow in the large arteries of the heart.

A

Coronary Heart Disease

55
Q

a condition in which you lack enough healthy red blood cells

A

Anemia

56
Q

a bleeding disorder in which the blood does not clot properly and can lead to spontaneous bleeding

A

hEMOPHILIA

57
Q

A branch of biology that deals with the study of genes

A

Genetics

58
Q

It is the passing of physical traits from one generation to another.

A

Heredity

59
Q

According to him, all traits are controlled by a pair of alleles.

A

Gregor Mendel

59
Q

It is an organized package of DNA found in the nucleus of the cell.

A

Chromosome

60
Q

It is an individual’s set of chromosomes.

A

Karyotype

60
Q

It is the basic physical and functional unit of heredity.

A

Gene

61
Q

It states that one of the allele pairs is dominant over the other. It is always the expressed trait.

A

Law of Dominance

62
Q

It is an alternative form of a gene.

A

Allele

62
Q

Dominant refers to the relationship between two versions of a gene.
It is the allele that is expressed.

A

Dominant Allele

63
Q

homozygous dominant

A

both capital

63
Q

is the type of allele that is not manifested in an individual.

A

Recessive Allele

64
Q

Heterozygous

A

Capital, lowercase

65
Q

recessive

A

both lowercase

66
Q

It is the genetic makeup of an organism and the allele combination

example: Bb, NN

A

Genotype

67
Q

It is any pattern of inheritance wherein traits do not confide in accordance with Mendel’s laws.

A

Non-Mendelian Inheritance

68
Q

It is an individual’s observable traits.

example: Brown eye

A

Phenotype

69
Q

Both traits are dominant and expressed.

they dont blend

A

Codominance

70
Q

The dominant allele is not completely dominant over the other. This results in blending.

A

Incomplete Dominance

71
Q

Traits are controlled by more than 2 alleles.

A

Multiple - Allele Inheritance

72
Q

It is the set of biological attributes in humans and animals.

A

Sex

73
Q

how many chromosomes doe shumans have

A

23 chromosomes

74
Q

how many autosomes does humans have

A

22 pairs

75
Q

how many sex chromosomes

A

1 pair

76
Q

A pattern that is either located or affected by the human sex chromosome.

A

Sex-Linked Pattern of Inheritance

77
Q

The traits can be expressed in both sexes but more frequently in one.

A

Sex-Influenced Trait

78
Q

These are traits exclusive to one sex only.

A

Sex-Limited Traits

79
Q

These traits whose genes are located either in the X or Y chromosome.

A

Sex-Linked Traits

80
Q

An X-linked recessive trait that causes the blood not to clot properly.

A

Hemophilia

81
Q

The variety of all living organisms on Earth that interact with each other.
The sum of all different species

A

Biodiversity

82
Q

A gradual process in which something changes into something more complex/better

A

Evolution

83
Q

The end of an organism/ group of organisms

A

Extinction

84
Q

Study of structure of living organisms

A

cOMPARATIVE ANATOMY

85
Q

Study of distribution of life forms over geographical areas

A

Biogeography

86
Q

similar structures different functions

A

Homologous

ssdf

86
Q

2 types of Comparative anatomy

A

Analogous and Homologous

87
Q

similar functions different structures

A

Analogous

88
Q

Embryos of animals belonging to various classes show similarities in early stages

A

Comparative Embryology

89
Q

early developmental stage of animals

A

Embryos

90
Q

Means that a catastrophic event (e.g. asteroid hitting Earth, massive volcanic eruption) has decimated life on Earth.

A

Mass Extinction

91
Q

Organs that have no purpose

A

Vestigial Organs

91
Q

The first mass extinction

A

Ordovician extinction

92
Q

Next mass extinction that happened 365 MYA

A

Devonian Extinction

92
Q

Third mass extinction, Considered as the DEADLIEST

A

Permian Extinction

93
Q

Fourth mass extinction, ocean acidification and global warming

A

Triassic Extinction

94
Q

Fifth mass extinction, An asteroid hit earth

A

Extinction

95
Q

Causes of Species Extinction

A

Natural and Anthropogenic

96
Q

caused by natural causes

A

Natural

97
Q

caused by humans

A

Anthropogenic

98
Q

is a place where an organism/group of organisms live

A

Habitat

99
Q

destruction of natural habitat (e.g. deforestation for urban development)

A

Habitat loss

100
Q

the habitat is divided into smaller areas

A

Fragmentation

101
Q

New species added to the environment either deliberately or accidentally because of human activities.

A

Introduced Species

102
Q

Increasing amount of urban, industrial, and agricultural wastes

A

Pollution

103
Q

Taking up too many resources from the environment.

A

Overexploitation

104
Q

All the sources that can be naturally found on Earth

A

Natural Resources

105
Q

Rely on Earth’s natural processes to be renewed and are replenished by nature over a short period of time.

A

Renewable Resources

106
Q

Can be renewed but takes millions of years to replenish

A

Nonrenewable Resources

106
Q

They are not easily replaced.

A

Nonrenewable Resources

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