1st Periodic Test Flashcards
1
Q
human respiratory is subdivided into two parts which is?
A
upper respiratory tract and lower respiratory tract
2
Q
Process where exchanges of gasses, particularly oxygen and carbon dioxide, occur.
A
Respiration
3
Q
gas exchange between blood and cells
A
Internal Respiration
3
Q
Process that delivers oxygen to where it is needed and removes carbon dioxide
A
Breathing
4
Q
gas exchange between lungs and blood
A
External Respiration
5
Q
transport of carbon dioxide and oxygen
A
Transport
6
Q
Respiratory gasses are obtained and expelled through inhalation and exhalation
A
Breathing
7
Q
primary entrance of air into the body
A
Nasal Cavity
8
Q
tube that connects the nasal cavity to the larynx
A
Pharynx/Throat
9
Q
which traps impurities from the air.
A
Cilia
10
Q
Parts of the pharynx
A
nasopharynx, oropharynx, laryngopharynx
11
Q
connects the pharynx and larynx to the lung opening
A
Trachea/windpipe
12
Q
part of the throat that contains the vocal folds
A
Larynx
13
Q
branching tubes to the lungs
A
Bronchi
14
Q
secondary or smaller tubes branching from the bronchi
A
Bronchioles
15
Q
Actual site of gas exchange, tiny sacs whitin our lungs
A
Alveoli
16
Q
A dome-shaped muscular structure located between the thoracic and abdominal cavity.
A
Diaphragm
17
Q
A pair of large, spongy organs where exchange of gases occurs.
A
Lungs
18
Q
Flow of air during inhalation
A
Nasal cavity» pharynx» larynx» trachea» bronchi» bronchioles» alveoli
19
Q
msucular insertion in between the ribs forming the chest wall
A
intercostal muscle
20
Q
breathing in, entrance of oxygen rich into the lungs
A
Inhalation
21
Q
breathing out, exit of carbon dioxide from the lungs
A
exhalation
22
Q
viral infection of the nose and throat
A
common colds
23
Q
Usually caused by rhinoviruses
A
common colds
24
infection of the alveoli in the lungs, causing it to be filled with pus making it hard to breathe
Pneumonia
25
viral disease that mainly affects the lungs.
Tuberculosis
26
caused by viruses, typically influenza
acute
27
inflammation of the lining of your bronchial tubes; can either be acute or chronic
Bronchitis
28
4 chambers of the heart
Right Atrium, Left Atrium, Right Ventricle, left Ventricle
28
cigarette smoking. Air pollution and dust or toxic gases in the environment
chronic
28
a type of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease where in the alveoli become damaged and stretched
Emphysama
29
The airways become narrow, and swelling is evident. Extra mucus is also produced.
asthma
30
hallow organ that pumps blood all over the body
heart
30
Components of the Circulatory System
Heart, Blood, Vessels
31
connective tissue that carries and transport oxygen
blood
32
network of pathways through which blood travels
vessels
33
heart is enveloped by
pericardium
34
the upper chambers
Atria
35
the lower chambers
Ventricle
36
These are flaps that serve as one-way inlets that prevent blood overflow in the heart.
Cardiac valves
37
4 valves in the heart
mitral, tricuspid, pulmonary, and aortic valve
38
The 3 types of blood vessels are the
arteries, veins, and capillaries
39
the biggest artery.
aorta
40
biggest veins
vena cava
41
blood vessels that transport oxygenated blood away from the heart
Arteries
42
blood vessels that carry deoxygenated blood towards the heart
veins
43
very tiny blood vessels
capillaries
44
blood flow in the heart
Vena Cava, Right Atrium, Tricuspid Valve, Right Ventricle, Pulmonary Valve, Pulmonary Arteries, Lungs, Pulmonary Veins, Left Atrium, Mitral Valve, Left Ventricle, Aortic Valve, Aorta, Body
45
is the body’s fluid connective tissue. Its main function is to circulate nutrients, hormones, minerals and other essential components to different parts of the body
Blood
46
the fluid part of the blood and is composed of 90% water
Plasma
47
also known as erythrocytes, involved in transporting oxygen, nutrients, and other substances to various parts of the body
Red Blood Cells
48
also known as leukocytes, function as a body’s defense system
White blood cells
49
also known as thrombocytes; help to form clots and stop bleeding
Blood platelets
50
occurs when the blood vessels that carry oxygen and nutrients from your heart to the rest of your body (arteries) become thick and stiff
Atherosclerosis
51
Enlargement of an artery caused by weakness in the arterial wall
Aneurysm
52
sudden interruption in the blood supply of the brain
Stroke
53
Abrupt loss of heart function, breathign and consciousness
Cardiac arrest
54
caused by the buildup of plaque, a waxy substance, inside the lining of larger coronary arteries restricting blood flow in the large arteries of the heart.
Coronary Heart Disease
55
a condition in which you lack enough healthy red blood cells
Anemia
56
a bleeding disorder in which the blood does not clot properly and can lead to spontaneous bleeding
hEMOPHILIA
57
A branch of biology that deals with the study of genes
Genetics
58
It is the passing of physical traits from one generation to another.
Heredity
59
According to him, all traits are controlled by a pair of alleles.
Gregor Mendel
59
It is an organized package of DNA found in the nucleus of the cell.
Chromosome
60
It is an individual’s set of chromosomes.
Karyotype
60
It is the basic physical and functional unit of heredity.
Gene
61
It states that one of the allele pairs is dominant over the other. It is always the expressed trait.
Law of Dominance
62
It is an alternative form of a gene.
Allele
62
Dominant refers to the relationship between two versions of a gene.
It is the allele that is expressed.
Dominant Allele
63
homozygous dominant
both capital
63
is the type of allele that is not manifested in an individual.
Recessive Allele
64
Heterozygous
Capital, lowercase
65
recessive
both lowercase
66
It is the genetic makeup of an organism and the allele combination
example: Bb, NN
Genotype
67
It is any pattern of inheritance wherein traits do not confide in accordance with Mendel’s laws.
Non-Mendelian Inheritance
68
It is an individual’s observable traits.
example: Brown eye
Phenotype
69
Both traits are dominant and expressed.
they dont blend
Codominance
70
The dominant allele is not completely dominant over the other. This results in blending.
Incomplete Dominance
71
Traits are controlled by more than 2 alleles.
Multiple - Allele Inheritance
72
It is the set of biological attributes in humans and animals.
Sex
73
how many chromosomes doe shumans have
23 chromosomes
74
how many autosomes does humans have
22 pairs
75
how many sex chromosomes
1 pair
76
A pattern that is either located or affected by the human sex chromosome.
Sex-Linked Pattern of Inheritance
77
The traits can be expressed in both sexes but more frequently in one.
Sex-Influenced Trait
78
These are traits exclusive to one sex only.
Sex-Limited Traits
79
These traits whose genes are located either in the X or Y chromosome.
Sex-Linked Traits
80
An X-linked recessive trait that causes the blood not to clot properly.
Hemophilia
81
The variety of all living organisms on Earth that interact with each other.
The sum of all different species
Biodiversity
82
A gradual process in which something changes into something more complex/better
Evolution
83
The end of an organism/ group of organisms
Extinction
84
Study of structure of living organisms
cOMPARATIVE ANATOMY
85
Study of distribution of life forms over geographical areas
Biogeography
86
similar structures different functions
Homologous
| ssdf
86
2 types of Comparative anatomy
Analogous and Homologous
87
similar functions different structures
Analogous
88
Embryos of animals belonging to various classes show similarities in early stages
Comparative Embryology
89
early developmental stage of animals
Embryos
90
Means that a catastrophic event (e.g. asteroid hitting Earth, massive volcanic eruption) has decimated life on Earth.
Mass Extinction
91
Organs that have no purpose
Vestigial Organs
91
The first mass extinction
Ordovician extinction
92
Next mass extinction that happened 365 MYA
Devonian Extinction
92
Third mass extinction, Considered as the DEADLIEST
Permian Extinction
93
Fourth mass extinction, ocean acidification and global warming
Triassic Extinction
94
Fifth mass extinction, An asteroid hit earth
Extinction
95
Causes of Species Extinction
Natural and Anthropogenic
96
caused by natural causes
Natural
97
caused by humans
Anthropogenic
98
is a place where an organism/group of organisms live
Habitat
99
destruction of natural habitat (e.g. deforestation for urban development)
Habitat loss
100
the habitat is divided into smaller areas
Fragmentation
101
New species added to the environment either deliberately or accidentally because of human activities.
Introduced Species
102
Increasing amount of urban, industrial, and agricultural wastes
Pollution
103
Taking up too many resources from the environment.
Overexploitation
104
All the sources that can be naturally found on Earth
Natural Resources
105
Rely on Earth’s natural processes to be renewed and are replenished by nature over a short period of time.
Renewable Resources
106
Can be renewed but takes millions of years to replenish
Nonrenewable Resources
106
They are not easily replaced.
Nonrenewable Resources
