1D preventing error and bias

Question 1

extraneous variable

Answer 1

variable that isn’t the IV but may have an unwanted affect on DV

Question 2

cofounding variable

Answer 2

variable that directly and systematically affected the DV, apart from the IV

Question 3

participant related variables

Answer 3

characteristics of a study’s participants that may affect the results

Question 4

order effects

Answer 4

the tendency for the order in which participants compete experimental conditions to have an effect on their behaviour

Question 5

placebo affect

Answer 5

when participants respond to an inactive substance or treatment as a result of their expectations or beliefs

Question 6

experimenter effect

Answer 6

experimenter expectations affect the result of the experiment

Question 7

situational variables

Answer 7

environmental factors that may affect the DV

Question 8

non- standardised instructions and procedure

Answer 8

when directions and procedures differ across participants or experimental conditions

Question 9

demand characteristics

Answer 9

cues in a experiment that may signal to a participant the aim of the study

Question 10

counterbalancing

Answer 10

method to reduce order effects that involve ordering experimental conditions in a certain way

Question 11

single blind procedure

Answer 11

procedure in which participants are unaware of the experimental group or condition they have been allocated to

Question 12

double blind procedure

Answer 12

procedure in which participant and experimenter are unary of which conditions or groups participants are allocated to