19th Century Public Health Flashcards
What was the average life expectancy of the working man at start of 19th C?
30
Name 2 life threatening diseases at the start of 19th C
TB, Typhoid, Cholera
Life expectancy at end of 19th C?
50
What was infant mortality rate in Manchester at start?
1/3 before 3rd Birthday
When were the 5 cholera outbreaks?
1831, 1837, 1838, 1848, 1854
At start how did people think disease was spread?
Miasma
What did Chadwick report state?
Disease in cities caused by bad air from filth, so sewage, drainage and water systems were improved. Poor were not to blame
Why did the gov do little after Chadwick report?
Laissez faire
What does laissez faire mean?
To let do
Why didn’t many towns set up local health boards?
It was optional
How did John snow discover how cholera was spread?
Open sewage was running near a water pump, and many people got cholera from drinking there
Why were snows beliefs not believed by many?
He couldn’t prove why
What caused the great stink?
Heat wave
Who built the sewers and when?
Balzagette
1858-1866
When did cholera never return and why?
1866, balzagette built 83 miles of sewers
When was the compulsory smallpox vaccination?
1853
When was the sanitary act introduced?
1866
What were the effects of the sanitary act?
Towns had to install proper water supply and sewage disposal
When was the housing act introduced?
1875
What were the effects of the 1875 housing act?
Councils were given power to pull down bad houses and build better ones
When was the second public health act introduced?
1875
What were the effects of the second public health act?
Councils had to keep pavements lit, paved and clean, clean sewers etc. taxes could be raised
When was the reform act introduced?
1867
What did the reform act allow to happen?
Working men getting the vote
Why did working men getting the vote change the government?
The political parties had to appeal to them, so conditions were improved.
What about the 1899 Boer war indicated that health hadn’t improved so much?
Many people volunteering for war were deemed unfit
