198-218: Iarbas' speech

Question 1

centum… immania

Answer 1

note the size and number of the temples

Question 2

templa… centum… centum… aras

Answer 2

chiasmus enacts the deliberate placement of the temples across his vast kingdom

Question 3

sacraverat

Answer 3

pluperfect tense: implies Iarbas dedicated the fires before building around them to house them

Question 4

vigilem… ignem… excubias… aeternas

Answer 4

chiasmus emphasises the extent to which Iarbas has gone to to honour Jupiter

Question 5

amens animi

Answer 5

assonance emphasises the outrage and excess of emotion conveyed by the simple phrase

Question 6

cui

Answer 6

dative of advantage conveys indignation

Question 7

nunc

Answer 7

implies they did not before - it is thanks to Iarbas that they worship Jupiter

Question 8

aspicis haec

Answer 8

very indignant phrase, stressed by its enjambment, contradicts ‘omnipotens’ and is therefore a rhetorical question which carries the hefty accusation that J has knowingly allowed such an injustice to occur

Question 9

an te

Answer 9

pursues accusatory, made very direct by ‘te’, line of questioning, implying J is in fact impotent

Question 10

nequiquam… caeci… inania

Answer 10

tricolon of words that convey impotence - Iarbas strips Jupiter’s famed meteorological methods of divine intention, suggesting impertinently that J does not have control over mortal affairs

Question 11

femina

Answer 11

derogatory and scornful

Question 12

pretio posuit

Answer 12

plosive alliteration evokes the phrase’s snarling contempt

Question 13

litus arandum

Answer 13

refers to a Roman proverb for ‘wasting time’ - Dido should not have achieved the creation of such a great city, but J has allowed it

Question 14

reppulit… recepit

Answer 14

enjambment of ‘reppulit’ emphasises the injustice

line is framed by antithetical verbs, conveying his acute indignation

Question 15

ille Paris

Answer 15

highly scornful, creates a pompous analogy where Aeneas is to Iarbas and Dido as Paris was to Menelaus and Helen - the ‘rightful’ husband has again had his wife stolen by an effeminate Trojan prince

Question 16

Maeonia mentum mitra crinemque madentem

Answer 16

m-alliteration conveys disgust and self-pity, whilst the phrase builds up the picture of Aeneas as a weak and effeminate Eastern intruder

Question 17

nos

Answer 17

antithesis with ‘ille’

Question 18

rapto… munera

Answer 18

antithesis: Iarbas argues that he is superior in every way to Aeneas, yet Aeneas wins the bride, and Jupiter does nothing to stop this

Question 19

ferimus famamque fovemus

Answer 19

f-alliteration and -mus homoiteleuton compounds the sense of irritation and disgust