19) El Presente de Subjuntivo Flashcards
1
Q
Even if (conjunction)
A
aunque
2
Q
The present subjunctive
A
El presente de subjuntivo
3
Q
to insist
A
exigir
4
Q
secretary
A
la secretaria
5
Q
to destroy
A
destruir
6
Q
to hold, to grab
A
agarrar
7
Q
to lie
A
mentir
8
Q
to explain
A
explicar
9
Q
to turn off
A
apagar
10
Q
to embrace
A
abrazar
11
Q
to advise, to give advice to someone
A
aconsejar
12
Q
to insist
A
insistir en
13
Q
to advice (ii)
A
recomendar
14
Q
to suggest
A
sugerir
e > ie
sugiero, sugieres, sugiere
Kinda like querer
15
Q
to require, call for, demand
A
exigir
16
Q
to allow, permit
A
permitir
17
Q
to prohibit, forbid
A
prohibir
when conjugating in the present, all but nosotros & vosotros have an accent mark on the i
18
Q
snack
A
la merienda
19
Q
the rent (i)
A
la renta
20
Q
rent (ii)
A
el alquiler
21
Q
to wish
A
desear
22
Q
I wish, hope, desire
A
ojalá
23
Q
premiere
A
el estreno
24
Q
ticket
A
la entrada
- Billete - a train ticket, a bus ticket, or a plane ticket. (billete de ida y vuelta o billete de ida/round-trip ticket or one-way ticket)
- Entrada - an admission ticket for a movie, and other paid events.
- Boleto - a lottery ticket, a parking ticket, a voting slip. Boleto is also used interchangeably for billete and entrada.
25
box office
la taquilla
26
to water the garden
regar el jardín
present tense boot (e > ie)
27
to clap
Aplaudir
28
to applaud
Aplaudir
29
the act
el acto
30
to stand out
destacar
31
to chew
masticar
32
to punish
castigar
33
to rise early
madrugar
34
to swallow
tragar
35
to throw, to launch
lanzar
36
to stumble
tropezar
37
WEIRDOS - W
Wishes, desires, and imperatives
38
WEIRDOS - E
Emotions and feelings
39
Stem changing patterns
e> ie
e > i
o > ue
u > ue
For present subjunctive, its like a boot - all but nosotros and vosotros forms stem change
But for stem changing IR verbs, a similar pattern happens BUT in nosotros and vosotros forms, the conjugated verb does the following change: o > u & e > i
40
to take
coger
41
yo form -cer
-zco
42
yo form -gir
-jo
43
yo form -guir
-igo
44
yo form -ger
-jo
45
irregular present subjunctives
dar
estar
haber
ir
saber
ser
46
a couple, a pair
el par, un par
47
contest
el concurso
48
specific time on the clock
en punto
49
to suppose, to assume
suponer(se)
50
to be sure about
estar seguro/a de
51
to be convinced
estar convencido/a de
52
to doubt
dudar
53
unless
a menos que
54
before
antes (de) que
55
as soon as
tan pronto como
56
in order that, so that
para que
57
in case
en caso de que
58
while
mientras que
59
until
hasta que
60
without
sin que
61
although
aunque
62
convinced
convencido/a
63
to be glad, happy about
alegrarse de
64
to be afraid of, fear
tener miedo de
"temor" it's more used to refer the general concept, and "miedo" would be more specific to a situation.
65
to be sorry, regret
sentir
66
to be surprised
sorprenderse (de)
67
to fear, suspect
temer
"temor" it's more used to refer the general concept, and "miedo" would be more specific to a situation.
68
to implore
suplicar
to supplicate
ask or beg for something earnestly or humbly.
69
to beg
rogar (o > ue)
70
to ask, request, to order something
pedir (e > i)
71
main vs subordinate clause
A subordinate clause, like an independent clause, has a subject and a verb, but unlike an independent clause, it cannot stand alone as a sentence.
72
after
después (de) que
Use de after despues if your listing something - after work OR after monday - for example
QUORA
Whenever you think you can use “de que”, just get rid of the “de” and use only “que”.
So, “después de” is followed by a noun, pronoun or infinitive, and “después que” is followed by a conjugated verb.
Use depues de que if youre going to use present subjunctive
QUORA 2
Después de is used before a noun, a pronoun or an infinitive form:
después de la batalla - after the battle
Después de eso after that
Después de comer - after eating
Después de que is used before a finite verb form:
después de que llegó - after he arrived
Después de que acabaron el trabajo - after they finished the work
REDDIT 1
Después de can be followed by an infinitive (Después de comer) or a noun (Después de la fiesta).
Después de que is followed by a conjugated verb (Después de que vinieron).
73
even if
aunque
74
saucer (alien)
el platillo
75
flying (adjective)
volador(a)
76
good grades
buenas notas
77
to let, to allow
dejar
78
to authorize
autorizar
preterite yo:
autoricé
79
to graduate
graduar(se)
80
Verb for expressing emotion
estar
81
Emotion present subjunctive form
Estar + Adjective + que + Subordinate clause
82
delighted
encantado/a
83
to participate
participar
84
blanket
la manta
85
the bedsheets
las sábanas
86
to turn off
apagar
87
to turn on
encender
(e > ie)
88
curtains
las cortinas
89
it is doubtful that
es dudoso que
90
it is a shame / a pity that
es (una) lástima que
91
it is better that
es mejor que / más vale que
92
it is necessary that
es necesario que
93
its probable/likely that
es probable que
94
it is incredible/unbelievable that
es increíble que
95
it is certain that
es cierto que
96
it is true that
es verdad que
97
it is obvious that
es obvio que
98
to keep something
guardar
99
the regulation/rule
el reglamento
la regulación
la norma
La regla
La principal diferencia entre una norma y un reglamento es que la norma es una regla generalmente aceptada y no siempre obligatoria, mientras que el reglamento es una regla formal y específica emitida por una entidad con autoridad específica y que tiene efecto legal.
The main difference between "norma" and "reglamento" is that "norma" is a generally accepted rule and not always mandatory, whereas the "reglamento" is a formal and specific rule issued by an entity with specific authority and having legal effect.
Both words are synonyms, but regla also means ruler and is more casual and informal. Norma is more formal, example:
Normas ISO (International Organization for Standardization)
Reglas de la casa = House rules.
100
often
a menudo
101
on time
a tiempo
102
certificate
el certificado
103
the list
la lista
104
persistent
persistente
105
to be successful
tener éxito
106
the rule
la norma
107
antecent
the subject of the main clause
108
nephew, niece
sobrino, sobrina
109
mischievous
travieso/a
110
puppy
el cachorro
111
cheerful
alegre
112
the most important thing
lo mas importante
113
on the other hand, moreover, also
por otro parte
114
ok (ii)
bien
115
exactly (ii) , in fact
efectivamente
116
surveillance
la vigilancia
117
dining room
el comedor
118
balcony
el balcón
119
budget
el presupuesto
120
utilities
las utilidades
121
heating
la calefacción
122
decent
decente
123
even X
incluso
Incluso can mean including or even when it refers to something that is not necessarily always considered to be a member of the group mentioned pg 373
124
including, included
incluido/a
125
this very day
hoy mismo
126
to figure out, to find out
averiguar
127
in the mean time
mientras tanto
128
to fill out
rellenar
To refill
129
the form
el formulario
130
to fill
llenar
131
formula
la fórmula
132
contact information
datos de contacto, información de contacto
133
by the way
por cierto
134
as a matter of fact
de hecho
135
application
la solicitud
136
to approve
aprobar
137
tenant
El inquilino / la inquilina
138
to show off, to presume
presumir
139
to ensure, to assure, to secure
asegurar
140
ok, in agreement
de acuerdo
141
willing, ready
dispuesto/a
142
farmer
el granjero / la granjera
143
ox
el buey
144
Transitive verbs
Transitive verbs need an object to complete their meaning
I like DOGS / CATS / FOOD etc
It needs a direct object to complete its meaning
145
Intransitive verbs
Intransitive verbs cannot have a direct object after them
A transitive verb is one that requires a direct object to finish its meaning. Example: He (subject) plays (transitive verb) guitar (direct object). An intransitive verb is one that does not need a direct object to complete its meaning. Example: She (subject) laughs
146
to stop (ii)
detener(se)
147
to cure
curar
148
disease
la enfermedad
149
doctor (ii)
el médico
150
someone
alguien
151
to solve, to resolve
solucionar
152
to go get
buscar
153
to get (like obtain)
conseguir, obtener
usually ‘conseguir’, means to get something you’ve been chasing or you’ve wanting to get, something you achieved
‘obtener’ means to obtain something in general, to obtain something someone else gave you, this is closer to ‘gaining’ something. or something you get as a result of a procedure, like obtaining paper from trees
154
ponerse followed by an adjective
to get in that condition
La chica se pone roja cuando tiene vergüenza.
The girl gets red when she's embarrassed
Me pongo triste cuando pienso en mis padres.
I get sad when I think about my parents
Abrígate. Te vas a ponger enfermo. (Used in spain rather than enfermarse)
Put on your coat. You're going to get sick.
155
goat
la cabra
156
pig
el cerdo
157
pork
el puerco
158
sheep
la oveja
159
doctor (ii)
el médico
160
to get bored
aburrirse
161
to get tired
cansarse
162
to get drunk
emborracharse
163
to get worried
preocuparse
164
to get married
casarse
165
to get lost
perderse
e > ie present tense (not nosotros or vosotros)
166
to get rich
enriquecerse
yo me enriquezco
167
to get excited
emocionarse
168
to get angry (latin america)
enojarse
169
to get better
mejorarse
170
to get angry
enfadarse (spain)
171
to get frustrated
frustrarse
172
to get sick
enfermarse
173
to get hurt
herirse
e > ie
me hiero, te hieres, se hieres etc
174
to get angry
enojarse (latin america)
175
that far
esa distancia
176
GPS - Global Positioning System
SPG - Sistema de posicionamiento global
177
the important thing REVIEW
lo importante . Followed a known fact - indicative. Followed by something that is hoped for - subjunctive
* When it is followed by a known fact, it is stated in the indicative.
Lo importante es que todo están bien.
The important thing is that everybody is all right.
* When it is followed by something that is hoped for, what follows after the phrase is stated in the subjunctive.
178
to treat
tratar
179
venir and ir
Venir is used for aqui, acá. Ir is used for allí and allá.
Venir is always - to come. Ir can be - to come or to go
180
including
incluyendo
181
a day, a month
al día, al mes
182
a day, a month
al día, al mes
183
it is / actually X
incluso
184
shape
la forma
185
object
el objeto
186
triangle
el triángulo
187
circle
el círculo
188
square
la plaza
189
rectangle
el rectángulo
190
the form (of grammar)
la forma
191
to form
formar
192
to protest
protestar
193
the protest
la protesta
194
There must be
Debe de haber
195
way (like this way, this method)
la manera, la forma, el modo
196
like this
así
197
anyway
de todas formas/de todas maneras/de todos modos
in the sense that no matter what happened before, what happens next will occur/be regardless
198
to wear
llevar
199
to behave
portarse, comportarse
Portarse - to behave in a certain way. Comportarse - to have a good behavior · both portarse & comportarse means to behave
200
to carry
portar, cargar, llevar
Llevar and cargar are similar in the sense that you have to carry (cargar) something. Now, some differences. Llevar is mostly used for carrying something from here to there (traer is from there to here). Llevar and traer imply that you need to cargar that something.
llevar means to carry something. For example: Llevate una chaqueta por si hace frio. Cargar means to carry something heavy.
201
to involve
Involucrar(se)
202
to carry, to charge, to load
cargar
203
to apply (for something)
solicitar
204
to apply (something)
aplicar
205
application (of something, like. a paste or liquid)
la aplicación
206
the coat of paint
el mano de pintura
207
to apply (in the sense of a rule or a law)
aplicarse
La regla se aplica a todos los estudiantes, incluso a los que están en su útimo año.
The rule applies to all student, including seniors.
208
at the same time
a la vez
209
to review
repasar
Repasar: checking some content once again, going over something once again. For example, when you study for an exam and you repeatedly go over the same material.
Revisar: checking something, especially in order to spot possible mistakes. It can be one’s own work, or another person’s.
repasar for review and revisar for revise.
210
to enrich, to make rich
enriquecer
yo enriquezco
211
detailed
detallado/a
212
to make sure that you do something
asegurarse de
It is followed by a verb in the infinitive form
213
accounting
la contabilidad
214
accountant
El contador / la contadora
215
the account
la cuenta
216
to appreciate
apreciar
217
to hire
contratar
218
product
el producto
219
healthy (ii)
sano/a
The word"Sano/Sana" is for People or Animals and the word "Saludable" is for "Things, activities or Meals" but the meaning about those words are the state or the effect to have a good body or mind
"Sano" is when you have a really good health, and "saludable" is when something is really good for you health, for example "salud" can be when you aren't ill, and "saludable" can be when you eat an apple instead you eat a pizza
The word"Sano/Sana" is for People or Animals and the word "Saludable" is for "Things, activities or Meals"
220
It's absolutely necessary
Es imprescindible que
221
the resource
el recurso
222
of all
de todo / de todos
223
it's a shame
es una lastima
224
natural resources
los recursos naturales
225
to not think
no pensar
226
aprender - stem change or no
no stem change
227
recibir - stem change or no
no stem change
228
tu ir command
ve
229
electricity (ii)
la luz
For utilities
230
bilingual
bilingüe
231
trilingual
trilingüe
232
preposition
a word governing, and usually preceding, a noun or pronoun and expressing a relation to another word or element in the clause, as in “the man on the platform,” “she arrived after dinner,” “what did you do it for ?”.
A preposition is a word or group of words used before a noun, pronoun, or noun phrase to show direction, time, place, location, spatial relationships, or to introduce an object.
Preposition is a word used to link a noun or pronoun with other words in the sentence.
Examples: in, on, at, before, about, after, under, to, into, of , from
233
roomate
El/la compañero/a de cuarto
234
for someone
"a" , not para/por
235
position, a post, a place, a stand
el puesto
236
to get fat, to fatten
engordar
237
to ask a question
hacer una pregunta
238
so, so that
de modo que
239
somehow
de alguna manera
240
to say goodbye
despedirse
241
to dismiss
despedir
242
to fire (the gun)
disparar el arma
243
stocks (financial)
las acciones
244
online
por internet
245
to hope
esperar
246
hope
la esperanza
247
essential
imprescindible
248
easily
fácilmente
249
to get embarassed
avergonzarse
yo me avergüenzo
all stem change except nosotros & vosotros
250
cream (coffee)
la nata
251
hey
oye / oiga (usted)
252
pedir statement sentence structure
indirect object pronoun + conjugation of pedir + que + verb in subjunctive (pg 380)
253
to beg
rogar
rogar is used when asking for big favours
254
to beg (on one knee)
suplicar
suplicar implies some submission
255
to implore/beseech/beg (on both knees
implorar
implorar is the least used and usually tries to inflict compassion
256
to try to
tratar de + infinitive
257
to offer to do something
ofrecerse
258
to lend
prestar
259
to teach, to show
enseñar
260
to deliver
entregar
261
to explain
explicar
262
the notes (you take in class, in meetings etc)
los apuntes
263
grade in class
la nota
264
It's that
Es que
265
whats happening is
lo que pasa es que
266
to miss, to lose
perder
e > ie present tense (not nosotros or vosotros)
267
to fail to experience (to miss X)
perderse
e > ie present tense (not nosotros or vosotros)
Es una lastima que te hayas perdido la fiesta.
It's a shame that you missed the party
268
to miss a person or place
extrañar (latin america)
echar de menos (spain or latin america)
269
to (be) miss, when a part is missing from a whole
faltar
270
to miss work or school
faltar a
271
to miss (a goal in a game), to fail
fallar
272
to let someone down, to fail someone
fallarse
273
to fail
fallar
274
to preserve
preservar
275
rest
el descanso
276
to hurry
apurar
277
right now
ahora mismo
278
spring break
el descanso de primavera
279
its about
se trata de
280
to agree to meet someone for
quedar con NOMBRE para
281
as soon as
en cuanto
282
by the way
por cierto
283
not to hesitate to
no dudar en
it's usually in command form
No dudes en contactarme si necesitas algo.
Don't hesitate to contact me if you need anything.
284
ok (to agree to a plan)
de acuerdo
285
to agree to do something
quedar en + infinitive
286
to meet (up)
reunirse
287
to pick up (someone)
recoger
288
dejar
to leave - means to leave something or somebody behind, cease working or attending an institution
289
to contact
contactar
290
to get worse
empeorarse
291
to make worse
empeorar
292
to advance, to move forward
avanzar
293
the peasants
los campesinos
294
to predict
predecir
295
to overcome
superar
we can't use vencer and superar interchangeably when we are talking about defeating someone or improving the qualities of something. So, in this situation we use vencer to talk about defeating someone or something and superar to talk about improving the qualities of something.
Vencer=Beat. Superar=Overcome
Vencer = defeat
Alemania venció a Brasil en el mundial (Germany defeated Brazil in the worldcup)
Superar = Overcome
Messi superó a Cristiano Ronaldo y ahora es más popular (Messi overcame Ronaldo and now he's more popular :P)
296
world cup
el mundial
297
the top
la cima
298
the bottom
el fondo
299
hurry up!
¡Apúrate!
300
the game
el juego
301
the farm
la granja
302
juego vs partido
Juego is a recreational game. Partido is a game/match involving various players and many times professional.
303
coger
to take, to grab, to get, to pick up
Coger" stands usually to get something, like a drink.
"Recoger" stands usually to pick up something that fell on the floor. It can also be used as verb to pick up someone from some place: "I need to pick up my son from school = Necesito recoger a mi hijo de la escuela."
304
to steal, to rob
robar
305
anyone
nadie
306
to regret
lamentar
307
to require
requerir, exigir
308
to allow
permitir
309
Ojalá
I hope, I wish or if only. God willing
I wish that, I hope that, God willing
309
to continue
continuar
for present indicative, put accent mark above the "u"
yo continùo
tu continúas
(except nosotros, vosotros)
309
to assume
suponer
310
to affect
afectar
311
the pill
la pastilla
312
W weirdo
wishes, will, desire
313
I weirdo
impersonal expressions
314
E weirdo
emotions
315
D weirdo
doubts, denial
316
O weirdo
ójala
317
R weirdo
requests, recommendations
318
to not believe
no creer
319
to not be sure about
no estar seguro/a de
320
to take
llevar
When you're carrying an object from one place to another, use llevar (instead of coger or tomar)
321
after
después de que
322
on my own
en lo mío
323
the flight
el vuelo
324
the meteorologist
El meteorólogo / La meteoróloga
325
access
el acceso
326
road
la carretera
327
test
la prueba
328
suggestion
la sugerencia
329
to answer a question
contestar una pregunta
330
to take notes
tomar notas/apuntes
331
even if
aunque
332
to follow the rules
seguir las reglas
333
former
antiguo/a
334
actually
en realidad, incluso
335
position (for a job)
el puesto
336
long
largo/a
337
the walls
las paredes
338
personal matter
el asunto personal
339
What's it about?
de que se trata?
340
to offer someone to do something
ofrecerse
341
What can I do for you?
Qué se te/le/les ofrece?
342
to want someone to do X
querer que + subjunctive
343
to borrow
pedir prestado
344
to borrow (ii)
pedir que + the subjunctive of prestar
345
the course
el curso
346
to pick me up
pasar por mí
347
meeting
la reunión
348
It may be
Puede ser
349
broken
roto/a
350
subject (who performs an action)
el sujeto
351
(Class) subject
Asignatura (more common in spain) y materia
352
to rent
alquilar
353
to feel like
tener ganas de
354
even though (ii)
aun cuando
"Aunque'' expresa una posibilidad contraria
(No lograste conseguir la beca "Aunque" tienes buenas calificaciones)
''Aún cuando'' es utilizado para algo que sigue pasando
Espero que me hubieras entendido.
"Aunque" expresses a contrary possibility
(You didn't manage to get the scholarship "Aunque" you have good grades)
''Aún cuando' is used for something that keeps happening
I hope you understood me.
355
maid
La criada
356
no longer, not anymore
ya no
357
to have a good time
pasarlo bien
I had a good time
lo pasé bien
358
the letter
la carta
359
in a row
seguidos , seguidas
360
usually
usualmente
361
occasional
occasionally
ocasional
ocasionalmente
362
to be about to do something
estar A PUNTO DE infinitive
363
totally lost
algo perdido/a
364
with great pleasure (youre welcome)
con mucho gusto
365
no es nada
no problem (ii)
366
do me the favor of:
hazme/hágame el favor de INFINITIVE
367
reprobar
to fail (a test, exam)
"Reprobar" implies to fail at reaching the minimum accepted qualification.
-Reprobé mi examen (I failed the test)
This means that my grade is below the accepted to pass.
repruebo,
repruebes,
repruebe
