1894-1914 Economic Development - Industrial Flashcards
Who was the Finance Minister who built off of Vyshnegradsky’s work and was in office 1891-1903?
Sergei Witte
From 1894 to 1913, what was the economic growth rate?
8%
How much did railways increase by?
Double
What did coal output increase from?
183M puds - 671M puds
While FDI soared, who provided 1/3 of all foreign capital?
France
What was Witte’s mission statement?
To state-manage industrial growth, seeking capital, tech advisors and international managers.
What was introduced in Jan 1897?
A new rouble.
What was going on at this time that increased the domestic market?
Russian businesses accumulated enough capital for new startups. The State gained capital and used it to fund public works, develop infrastructure and develop mines, oilfields and forests.
What % of railways were state-owned by 1903?
70%
What % of metallurgical production did the State buy in 1903?
2/3
What % of government income came from foreign investors 1903-1913?
Over 25%.
How many km of railways were there in 1905?
59,616km.
What % of railways were state-owned by 1905?
66%
What did the expansion of railways allow for?
Allowed export and extensive exploitation of goods.
Stimulated development of iron and coal industries.
Transport costs lowered so goods cost less and the government profited off of charging fares.
By 1913 where did Russia rank in global railway mileage?
2nd, with 62,200km.
What was the increase in size of railway network 1905-1913?
59,616km - 62,200km
What was the decrease in amount of railway that was state-owned from 1903-1905?
70%-66%
How large was the Trans-Siberian railway and what did it allow for?
7000km and linked Moscow to the Pacific Ocean.
What did Witte believe about heavy industry?
That by concentrating production in key areas and developing factory units of over 1000 workers each, big increases in heavy goods production would follow.
How much of all coal and pig iron did the Donbas region produce?
87% of all coal and 74% of all pig iron.
By 1914, where did Russia rank in global heavy industry output?
4th - behind UK, Ger, USA, Fra
What was the significance of the growth of the Baku port?
There was an increase in export of key goods - oil export increased from 157M puds to 570M puds in 1913.
What did the Baku port allow Russia to do?
Be internally self-sufficient, but also grow to compete in trade with the USA.
What was the growth in light industry?
Grew to 40% of total industrial output.
By 1914, where did Russia rank in industrial power?
5th - it is theorised that Barbarossa occurred to stop R overtaking Ger.