18 Respiration Flashcards
what are the 4 stages of respiration?
glycolysis
link reaction
krebs cycle
oxidative phosphorylation
where does glycolysis occur?
in the cytoplasm
where does link occur?
in the matrix
where does krebs occur?
in the matrix
where does oxidative phosphorylation occur?
in the inner mitochondrial membrane
is glycolysis anaerobic or aerobic?
anaerobic
it does not require oxygen
what is glucose turned into in glycolysis?
1 x hexose bisphosphate
what is needed for glucose to turn into hexose bisphosphate?
2 x ATP
what does hexose bisphosphate split into?
2 x triose phosphate
what is triose phosphate turned into?
pyruvate
what is needed to convert each TP to pyruvate?
NAD
what does NAD do to TP?
it takes a hydrogen to form reduced NAD
what is produced from converting both TP to pyruvate?
2 x pyruvate
4 x ATP
2 x reduced NAD
what is the net ATP production in glycolysis?
2 ATP
what are the products of glycolysis for one molecule of glucose?
2 x pyruvate
2 x reduced NAD
2 x ATP
why does glycolysis have substrate level phosphorylation?
ATP is produced when ADP is phosphorylated by the phosphates in TP
where does the reduced NAD from glycolysis go?
to the ETC for oxidative phosphorylation
where does the ATP from glycolysis go?
used for energy
where does the pyruvate from glycolysis go?
to the link reaction
how does the pyruvate get into the mitochondria matrix?
by active transport through carrier proteins
what happens to pyruvate in the link reaction?
converted to an acetyl group
how many carbons in pyruvate?
3
how many carbons in acetyl?
2
what are the byproducts of the conversion of each pyruvate to acetyl?
CO2
reduced NAD
what is the process of converting pyruvate into acetyl?
oxidative decarboxylation
what happens to the acetyl group?
it reacts with coA to form acetyl coA
how many times does the link reaction occur?
twice as there are two molecules of pyruvate from glycolysis
what are the products of the link reaction for one molecule of glucose?
2 x acetyl coA
2 x CO2
2 x reduced NAD
where does the CO2 produced by the link reaction go?
released as a waste product
where does the reduced NAD produced by the link reaction go?
to the ETC for oxidative phosphorylation
where does the acetyl coA go after links?
krebs cycle
what is the role of the coA?
it is a coenzyme which carries acetyl to krebs cycle
what are the 3 coenzymes in respiration?
NAD
FAD
coA
what happens to acetyl coA at the beginning of krebs?
loses it’s coA group and reacts with oxaloacetic acid to form citric acid
where does the coA go to?
back to the link reaction
how many carbons in citric acid?
6