14.3 Regulation of blood glucose Flashcards
what increases blood glucose concentration?
- diet
- glycogenolysis
- gluconeogenesis
what is glycogenolysis?
when glycogen is broken down into glucose which is released into bloodstream
increases blood sugar levels
what is gluconeogenesis?
when glucose is produced from non-carb sources and released in the bloodstream
increases blood sugar levels
what decreases blood glucose concentration?
- respiration
- glycogenesis
how does respiration reduce blood glucose?
glucose is used by cells to generate energy
decreases blood glucose concentration
what is glycogenesis?
when glucose in converted into glycogen and stored in the liver
what does insulin do to reduce blood glucose concentration?
- increases rate of glucose uptake
- increases respiratory rate of cells
- increase conversion of glucose into fat
- inhibits glucagon
how do beta cells know when to stop secreting insulin?
beta cells detect a drop in glucose concentration and then reduces its secretion of insulin
example of negative feedback
which cells respond to glucagon?
only liver and fat cells
what does glucagon do to increase blood glucose concentration?
-glycogenolysis
- increasing gluconeogenesis
are blood glucose concentrations constant?
no
there are constant fluctuations because of negative feedback
what charge are beta cells when blood glucose levels are normal and why?
negative as K+ ions are leaving the cell
what ion channels are open when blood glucose levels are normal?
K+ channel
what ion channels are closed when blood glucose levels are normal?
Ca2+ channel
how does glucose enter the beta cell?
in a GLUT transport protein
