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Anatomy > 18 - MSK Shoulder to Hand > Flashcards

18 - MSK Shoulder to Hand Flashcards

1
Q

which ligaments stablize the bones f the pectoral girdle

A

acromioclavicular ligament
coracoclavicular ligament
coracoacromial ligament

(names after the bones they bind together)

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2
Q

What would happen if ligrament was damaged

A

sprain
shoulder seperation

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3
Q

What is a shoulder dislocation

A

synovial joint no longer communicates
force
- hyperabducted

pectralis major draws humerus medially

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4
Q

Which nerves from the brachial plexus are at risk of injury in a shoulder dislocation

A

musculotaneous nerve (antibrachium)
axillary nerve (brachium)

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5
Q

what are the roattor cuff muscles

A

arise from the scapula to insert around the head of the humerus

stabalize the glenohumeral joint and contribute to circumduction of the shulder

SITS
- supraspinatus (initiate abduction) suprascapular nerve
- infraspinatus supracapular nerve
- teres minor axillary nerve
- subscapularis subscapular nerve
no muscles at the bottom

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6
Q

what are the muscles moving the radius and ulna

A

posterior extension
triceps brachii (3 tendons) radial nerve

anterior flexor musculocutaneous nerve
- brachialis
- biceps brachii

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7
Q

what does the bicipital aponeurosis do

A

aid in flexion of the forearm
attatched to ulna

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8
Q

What does the true tendon do

A

insert upon radial tuberoisity (bump on radius)
when put forearm in pronation, bump gets folded over

allows for supination of the forearm

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9
Q

What is the bicep muscle known as

A

screwdriver muscle
- flex elbow
- turning elbow

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10
Q

What does the brachial artery do

A

supplies the structures of the arm, forearm and hand

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11
Q

What are the two functions of the biceps brachii
What is it innervated by

A

true tendon: supination of forearm (radio-ulnar joint)
aponeurosis: flexion of forearm (elbow)

innervataed by musculocutaneous nerve

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12
Q

What does the tricep muscle do
What is it innervated by

A

extension of the forearm (elbow)
innervated by radial nerve
- radial groove runs through

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13
Q

What would a humeral fracture result in

A

peripheral nerve injuries
- axillary (proximal, high up)
- radial
- median (distally)

because of radial groove

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14
Q

Where do the superficial muscles of the anterior flexor compartment of the forearm arise from

A

arise from medial epicondyle

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15
Q

What are the anterior superficial muscles moving the forearm

A

pronator teres (pronation of forearm)
- attatched to radius
flexor carpi radialis (flexion of carpus)
palmaris longus
flexor carpi ulnaris (ulnar deviation when contracted)

innervated by the medial nerve
except for flexor carpi ulnaris (ulnar nerve)

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16
Q

Which muscles faciliate pronation of the forearm

A

pronator teres: superficial, proximal, strong
- median nerve
pronator quadratus: deep, distal, weak
- median nerve

position of radial tuberoistity follows

17
Q

What muscles faciliate flexion of the carpus (wrist)

A

flexor carpi radialis: wrist flexion, radial deviation
- median nerve
flexor carpi ulnaris: wrist flexion, ulnar deviation
- ulnar nerve

independently these muscles cause radial or ulnar deviation of the wrist

18
Q

What are the deep muscles moving the digits and thumbs of the anterior compartment

A

flexor digitorum superficialis (median nerve)
- sends tendon to intermediate phalanx
flexor digitrum produndus (ulnar nerve)
- sends tendons to distal phalanx

FDS –> capral –> FLDP –> finger tips

flexor pollicis (median nerve)

arise from interosseous membrane

19
Q

What is the flexor digitorum produndus

A

flex distal interphalageal joint
- median and ulnar nerve

arises from the bones and interosseus membrane of the forearm

20
Q

What is the flexor digitorum superficialis

A

flexion of proximal interphalangeal joint
- median nerve

21
Q

Where do the superficial muscles of the posterior (extensor) compartment arise from
What innervates

A

lateral epicondyle of the humerus

radial nerve

22
Q

What are the superficial muscles of the posterior compartments

A

extensor carpi radialis and ulnaris - extend the carpals
- circumduct the wrist
radialis: start as arm muscle fr radial deviation
ulnaris: extension of carpals

extensor digitorum - extend the digits
- extend the interphalangeal joints
- extend the MCP joints
- extend the radio-carpal joint
(crosses the interphalangeal joints, metacarpophalangeal joints and carpals)

23
Q

Where do the deep muscles of the posterior (extensor) compartment arise from
What innervates

A

bones and interosseus membrane

radial nerve

24
Q

What are the deep muscles of the posterior compartments

A

abductor pollicis - abducts the thumb
extensor pollicis - extends the thumb

come off radius

25
Q

What is epicondylitis
What are the types

A

excessive forces that cause injury to the tendinous insertion sites

medial epicondyle: constantly extending the wrist, contracting flexi-carpal muscles to keep wrist straight
(golfers elbow)

lateral epicondylitis: extensor carpi muscles contracting
(tennis elbow)

26
Q

What is cubital tunnel syndrome (funny bone)

A

compression of the ulnar nerve (c8-t1) in the cubital tunnel can lead to sensory and motor
- loss of sensation in the cutaneous distribution (palm and pink/ring finger) of the ulnar nerve (front and back of hand)
- weakinging of muscles of the hand and forearm having an action on the digits

27
Q

What can happen after fall on out-stretched hand (FOOSH)

A

fracture in the distal radius (colle’s fracture)

radius absorbing most at fall because biggest at distal
(ulna big at proximal)

results in dinner fork deformity

28
Q

What are the carpal bones

A

scaphoid - at base of thumb
capitate - in centre
- median nerve comes through)
pisiform and hamate - form the ulnar canal
- have ligament running through to create ulnar canal (ulnar nerve goes through and into palm muscles to innervate)

29
Q

What is the carpal tunnel

A

where the digital flexor tendons and the median nerve enter the hand
- floor = carpal bones
- roof = transverse carpal ligament

30
Q

What is the transverse carpal ligament

A

aka flexor retinaculum
roof of hand (palm side): keep all tendons down

31
Q

What is the ulnar canal

A

form between pisiform and hamate (hook)
deep to pisi-hamate ligament

32
Q

What would happen if there were a scaphoid fracture (FOOSH)

A

proximal segment of the scaphoid is prone to avascular necrosis
- death of bone

inflammed, funny colours –> death

“to the elbow we go”

pain in anatomical snuffbox

33
Q

What is carpal tunnel syndrome

A

injury to median nerve through the carpal tunnel
- loss of sensation in the cutaneous distribution of the median nerve (thumb, 2, 3)
- muscles weakening of the intrinsic muscles of the thumb and hand (abduction and flexion of thumb)
Floor = carpal bones
Roof = transverse carpal ligament

due to inflammation of the digital flexor tendons (tendinitis)

recurrent branch: nerve takes uturn

34
Q

What are clinicla tests to confirm carpal tunnel

A

tinel’s sign (pressing down on nerve)
tingle or pain down cutaneous distribution when

extreme flexion
(phalen’s test), more pressure on median nerve

Anatomy (18 decks)

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