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Anatomy > 07 - NS Org & Function of Limbic System > Flashcards

07 - NS Org & Function of Limbic System Flashcards

1
Q

Gyri

A

hills

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2
Q

Sulci

A

grooves

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3
Q

1’ motor cortex

A

cell bodies of motor neurons
precentral gyrus

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4
Q

1’ sensory cortex

A

sensations from body being processed (skin, muscle, joint)
post central gyrus

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5
Q

Identify the deep grooves that seperate the hemispheres and some lobes of the brain

A

longitudinal fissure
central sulcus
lateral fissure

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6
Q

Homonculus

A

more sensory and motor cortical neurons dedicated to the upper and lower limbs than the trunk

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7
Q

somatosensations

A

touch, pressure, proprioception, pain, temperature

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8
Q

parietal lobe

A

somatosensory cortex
association cortex
common integrative area

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9
Q

frontal eye field

A

voluntary scanning movements

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10
Q

frontal lobe

A

primary motor
premotor cortex
intellect

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11
Q

occipital lobe

A

visual cortex
association cortex

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12
Q

temporal lobe

A

auditory cortex
association cortex
limbic system

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13
Q

broca’s area and wernicke’s area

A

b: patterns and routines
w: for deciphering
= speech

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14
Q

Identify 1’ auditory cortex, 1’ visual cortex

A

a: temporal lobe
v: occipital lobe

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15
Q

insular cortex

A

balance
emotional context to sensation
(good pain, bad pain)

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16
Q

1’ gustatory cortex

A

taste chemoreception
food preference

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17
Q

olfaction

A

smell

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18
Q

right hemisphere

A
  • movements of left side
  • sensations from left side
  • spatial orientation and object recognition
  • damage = lack of emotional context to speech
19
Q

left hemisphere

A
  • movements of right side
  • sensations of right side
  • spoken and written language
  • damage = aphasia
    • receptive (WA) can’t understand lang
    • expressive (B) can’t communicate
    • global (both)
20
Q

lateralization
which gender is it more pronounced

A

males - localization of function or activity on one side of the body in preference to the other

21
Q

Anterior commissure
which gender is it more pronounced

A

females - nerve fibers that transmit information from or to the contralateral side of the brain

22
Q

Name the three white matter tracts

A
  1. commissural fibers (b/w hemispheres)
  2. Association fibers (w/in hemispheres)
  3. Projection fibers (to distant parts of the CNS)
23
Q

Function of basal nuclei

A
  • initiates and terminates motor movements
  • eliminates unnecessary movements
  • controls subconscious movements (arm swinging, true laughter)
  • starts/stops cognitive processes, attention, memory, planning and helps regulate emotional behaviours
24
Q

How does the basal nuclei work

A

sends inhibitory information to thalamus to not make movements (movements that aren’t needed

cortex -> basal nuclei -> thalamus -> cortex

25
Q

Disorders of basal nuclei

A

huntington’s chorea: neurodegeneration in striatum (increased movements)

parkinson’s: lack of dopamine acting on the striatum (difficulties starting/stopping movements)

26
Q

Where is the basal nuclei found

A
  • around outside of ventricles
27
Q

Where is the limbic system found

A
  • around inside of ventricles
28
Q

Function of limbic system

A

emotion and memories and regulating behaviours

29
Q

Limbic system - mammillary bodies

A
  • olfactory relay nucleus
  • emotion
30
Q

LS - fornix

A

connects hippo to mammillary bodies

31
Q

LS - hippocampus
what and location

A
  • who what when why
  • long term memory formation
    (converts st to lt)
  • located in medial temporal lobe
32
Q

LS - amygdala

A
  • analyses anger and fear expressions
  • assesses danger and elicits fear response (fight or flight)
  • emotional memories
  • output to hypothalamus
33
Q

Damage to amygdala
Abnormal activation

A
  • inability to recognize fear in other people
  • lack of fear
  • loss of inhibition
  • impaired emotional memories
  • panic disorder
  • PTSD
  • GAD
34
Q

how is information delivered in the limbic system

A

info from hippocampus & amygdala -> fornix -> mammillary bodies -> thalamus (through mammillothalamic tract) -> prefrontal cortex & cingulate cortex (gyrus) (through thalamic tract)

35
Q

PFC

A

regulates attention/importance

36
Q

Cingulate cortex

A
  • major connecting hub between cerebral cortex and limbic system
  • reality check
37
Q

anterior thalamic nuclei

A
  • alertness
  • importance
38
Q

entorhinal cortex

A
  • input/output for hippocampus
  • spacial GPS map
39
Q

What are the two types of amnesia
examples

A

anterograde amnesia: deficit in the ability to form new memories following the time of brain injury (no effect on intellectual or perceptual function)
- hippocampal atrophy (loss of dendrites)
retrograde amnesia: loss of long-term memories
- alzheimer’s disease (neurofibrillary plaques and tangles)

40
Q

Why can anterograde and retrograde amnesia occur independently

A

anterograde: inner arc
retrograde: outer arc

41
Q

Declarative memory

A

short-term (acquisition and short-term storage)
- medial temporal lobe (thalamus, amygdala, hippocampus

long-term (long-term storage)
- neocortex

42
Q

non-declarative

A

procedural (acquisition and long-term retenation)
- cerebellum and basal ganglia

43
Q

What is procedural memory

A

long-term memory involved in the performance of different actions and skills

vision, balance, position -> cerebellum -> thalamus -> premotor cortex

Early experience -> basal nuclei -> thalamus -> premotor cortex

Anatomy (18 decks)

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